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Fruit Trees, Small Fruits, Evergreens and Ornamentals 35 
Spraying Formulaa. continued 
HELLEBORE 
White Hellebore i ounce 
Water 2 gallons 
Or to be dusted undiluted on attacked 
plants. ' 
Insecticides for Sucking 
Insects 
KEROSENE EMULSION 
Kerosene (coal oil) .... 2 gallons 
Rain water i gallon 
Soap K pound 
Dissolve soap in water by boiling; take 
from fire and while hot turn in kerosene 
and churn briskly for five minutes. To 
be diluted before using, with nine parts 
water, for scale, insects and all sucking 
insects. 
TOBACCO INFUSION 
Tobacco (waste stems) .... i pound 
Boiling water 4 gallons 
Add hot water to tobacco and let stand 
until cold. Strain and add one pound of 
whale oil soap or two pounds of soft soap 
to each 50 gallons of infusion. For aphis. 
PYRETHRUM. or INSECT POWDER 
Pyrethrum powder i ounce 
Water 3 gallons 
For dry application. — Mix thoroughly 
one part by weight of insect powder with 
four of cheap flour and keep in a closed 
vessel for 24 hours before dusting over 
plants attacked. 
SULPHUR-LIME-SALT MIXTURE 
Quicklime (fresh) 15 pounds 
Sulv)hur 15 pounds 
Salt 15 pounds 
Place lime in kettle; add sufficient water 
to slake and stir in sulphur while slaking. 
Boil until dissolved, an hour or more. Add 
salt and boil fifteen minutes longer. Add 
sufficient water to make 50 gallons and 
apply while warm. Apply only to dor- 
mant trees. 
Fungicides 
BORDEAUX MIXTURE 
Copper-sul|)hate 4 pounds 
Quicklime (not air-slaked) 4 pounds 
Water (one barrel) . . .40 to 50 gallons 
Dissolve the copper-sulphate (blue 
stone) by suspending it in a wooden vessel 
such as a half-barrel containing 25 gallons 
of water.; slake the lime in another vessel. 
The slaking should be done slowly, other- 
wise it is apt to be granular. Now dilute 
the slaked lime in 25 gallons of water, 
and pour it and the solution of copper-sul- i 
phate into the spray barrel at the same 
lime (See illustration). Do not pour in 
first one and then the other, as this will not 
allow the proper combination of chemi- 
Proper method ol preparing Bordeaux Mixture. 
Courtesy The Deming Company. Spray-Pump 
Manufacturers, Salem, Ohio. 
cals to take place and a sediment will be 
formed that will clog pump and nozzles. 
It is well to strain the solutions as they 
are poured together, for which purpose a 
copper strainer having 18 to 24 meshes to 
the inch is recommended. 
Do not add the lime until ready to apply 
the mixture. 
Slock solutions of dissolved copper-sul- 
phate and lime may be prepared and kept 
in separate covered barrels throughout the 
spraying season. The proportions of blue 
stone, lime and water should be carefully 
entered. 
DILUTE BORDEAUX MIXTURE 
This mixture is made exactly as the 
above with the exception that only two 
pounds of copper sulphate and two pounds 
of lime are used to each barrel of water. 
This mixture should be used for trees hav- 
ing a tender foliage, such as the peach and 
Japanese plum. 
BORDEAUX MIXTURE TEST 
The quantity of lime required in Bor- 
deaux iMixture varies considerably with 
the quality of rock from which it is made. 
For this reason it is advisable to test each 
lot of the Bordeaux Mixture after it is 
made up. 
To ascertain if sufficient lime has been 
added, place a small quantity of the Bor- 
deaux Mixture in a saucer and add two 
or three drops of the prussiate of potash. 
If this changes the Bordeaux Mixture to a 
reddish brown color, there is not enough 
lime present; add more lime water and 
test again. 
The prussiate of potash may be obtained 
at any drug store in the crystallized form. 
