CENTER POINT, IOWA 
35 
Place lime in kettle, add sufficient 
water to slake and stir in sulphur while 
slaking. Boil until dissolved which re- 
quires an hour or more. Add sufficient 
water to make 50 gallons and apply 
while warm. Apply only to dormant 
trees. 
Fungicides 
Bordeaux Mixture. 
Copper-sulphate 5 lbs. 
Quicklime (not air-slaked) . 5 lbs. 
Water (one barrel) 50 gals. 
Dissolve the copper-sulphate (blue 
stone) by suspending it in a wooden ves- 
sel such as a half-barrel containing 25 
gallons of water; slake the lime in an- 
other vessel. The slaking should be done 
slowly, otherwise it is apt to be granular. 
Now dilute the slaked lime in 25 gallons 
of water, and pour it and the solution of 
copper-sulphate into the spray barrel at 
the same time. Do not pour in first one 
and then the other, as this will not allow 
the proper combination of chemicals to 
take place and a sediment will be formed 
that will clog pump and nozzles. 
It is well to strain the solutions as 
they are poured together, for which pur- 
pose a copper strainer having 18 to 24 
meshes to the inch is recommended. Do 
not add the lime until ready to apply the 
mixture. 
Stock solutions of dissolved copper- 
sulphate and lime may be prepared and 
kept in separate covered barrels through- 
out the spraying season. The propor- 
tions of blue stone, lime and water 
should be carefully entered. 
Dilute Bordeaux Mixture. 
This mixture is made exactly as the 
above with the exception that it is but 
^ to 5^ as strong. This mixture should 
be used for trees having tender foliage, 
such as the peach and Japanese plum. 
Bordeaux Mixture Test. 
The quantity of lime required in Bor- 
deaux Mixture varies considerably; for 
this reason each lot should be tested be- 
fore using. 
To ascertain if sufficient lime has been 
used, take a small quantity of the mix- 
ture and add two or three drops of a solu- 
tion of yellow prussiate of potash. If 
this changes the Bordeaux Mixture to a 
redish brown color, there is not enough 
lime present; add more and test again. 
An excess of lime is desirable. The 
prussiate of potash may be obtained at a 
drug store in crystalized form and read- 
ily dissolved. 
Combination of Fungicide 
and Insecticide 
When spraying for a fungous disease, 
except when plants are in the dormant 
state, an arsenical mixture may be added 
to the Bordeaux to advantage and the 
spraying will be effective against the bit- 
ing insects as well as plant diseases. To 
the Bordeaux add the usual amount of 
Paris Green, lead arsenite or arsenite of 
lime, letting the Bordeaux answer for the 
specified amount of water. 
Ammoniacal Copper Carbonate. 
Copper carbonate 6 ozs. 
Strong ammonia 3 qts. 
Soap 1 lb. 
Water 40 to SO gallons. 
Dilute the ammonia somewhat and use 
enough to dissolve the carbonate, then 
add water to make 40 gallons. Dissolve 
the soap in 10 gallons and add it. 
This solution must be kept away from 
the air if not used when made. It is 
useful for spraying full grown or ripen- 
ing fruit, as it does not produce stains as 
Bordeau.x would. 
Lime and Sulphur. 
In many cases any concentrated lime 
and sulphur solution can be used with 
lead arsenate in place of Bordeaux, pro- 
viding it is diluted to contain about 4 
pounds of sulphur for SO gallons. 
FORMALINE (For Potato Scab.) 
Soak tubers for two hours in a solu- 
tion of commercial formaline, 1 pint (40 
per cent solution) in 30 gallons of water. 
General Treatment for Fruits 
Apples. For fungous diseases and eating insects, lead arsenate and Bordeaux. 1st, 
just as buds open; 2nd, just before blossoms open; 3rd, just after petals fall; 4th, ten 
to twrenty days later; 5th, late July or early August, important for second brood of 
codling moth. For scales on any kind of trees, use lime and sulphur wash early in 
spring before growth starts, and late in the fall. 
Cherries. For curcir' o, fruit rot and leaf diseases, Bordeaux and lead arsenate. 1st, 
before blossoms open; 2nd, just after petals fall; 3rd, ten to fifteen days later; 4th, Bor- 
deaux for leaf diseases after fruit is off. 
Plums. For curculio, fruit rot, etc., arsenate of lead and Bordeaux, (dilute Bordeaux 
for Japanese variety). 1st, before blossoms open; 2nd, just after petals fall; 3rd, ten 
days later; 4th, ammoniacal copper carbonate for fruit rot, late July. For web worms, 
arsenate of lead whenever necessary. 
