CONTENTS. 
CHAPTER I. 
THE GULF STKKAM. 
The Gulf Stream, ^ 1.— Its Color, 3.— Its Cause, 3-7.— Dr. Franklin's Theory, 8.— 
The Sargasso Sea, 13. — The Trade-wind Agency refuted, 14. — Galvanic Properties 
of Gulf Stream Waters, 26. — Initial Velocity, 30. — Agents that make Water in one 
part of the Sea heavier than in another, 31. — Temperature of the Gulf Stream, 37. 
—It is Roof-shaped, 39.— Why the Drift Matter of the Gulf Stream is sloughed off 
to the right of its Course, 42. — Course of the Gulf Stream, 47. — Currents run along 
arcs of Great Circles, 49.— The Course of Currents counter to the Gulf Stream, 52. 
— The Force derived from Changes of Temperature, 53. — Limits of the Gulf Stream 
for March and September, 54. — Streaks of Warm and Cool Water in it, 55. — A 
Cushion of Cold Water between the Bottom of the Sea and the Waters of the Gulf 
Stream, 56. — It runs up hill, 57 Page 25 
CHAPTER II. 
INFLUENCE OF THE GULF STEEAM UPON CLIMATES. 
An Illustration, ^ 60. — Best Fish in cold Water, 65. — The Sea a Part of a grand Ma- 
chine, 67. — Influence of the Gulf Stream upon the Meteorology of the Sea: It is a 
"Weather Breeder," 69.— Dampness of Climate of England due to it, 70.— The Pole 
of Maximum Cold, 71.— Gales of the Gulf Stream, 72.— The Wreck of the San 
Francisco, 73. — Influence of the Gulf Stream upon Commerce and, Navigatioii : Used 
as a Land-mark, 77. — The first Description of it, 78. — Thermal Navigation, 81 . 47 
CHAPTER III. 
THE ATMOSPHERE. 
The Relation of the Winds to the Physical Geography of the Sea, "J 88. — No Expres- 
sion of Nature without Meaning, 93. — The Circulation of the Atmosphere, Plate I., 
95. — Southeast Trade-wind Region the larger, 109.— How the Winds approach the 
Poles, 112. — The Offices of the Atmosphere, 114. — It is a powerful Machine, 118. — 
Whence come the Rains that feed the great Rivers'? 120. — How Vapor passes 
from one Hemisphere to the other, 123. — Evaporation greatest about Latitude 17°- 
20°, 127. — Explanation, 128. — The Rainy Seasons : how caused, 129. — Why there 
is one Rainy Season in California, 130 — One at Panama, 131 — Two at Bogota, 
132. — Rainless Regions explained, 135. — Why Australia is a Dry Country, 136. — 
Why Mountains have a dry and a rainy Side, 137. — The immense Fall of Rain 
upon the Western Ghauts in India : how caused, 139. — Vapor for the Patagonia 
Rains comes from the North Pacific, 141. — The mean annual Fall of Rain, 144. — 
Evaporation from the Indian Ocean, 146. — Evidences pf Design, 148 .... 66 
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