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EGYPT, AND SYRIA. 
419 
CHAP, xxvni. 
Obfervations at Cojijlantinople — Pafwm Oglo — CbaraEler of tin 
prefetit Sultan — State of learning — Public libraries — Turkifh 
tafe — Coals — Greek printing-houfe — Navy — Return to Eng- 
land. 
W H E N I arrived at Conftantlnople there was a confiderable 
alarm raifed by the progrefs of the arms of Pafwan Oglo^ Pafha 
of Widdin. Originally Aga of that city, that is, chief of the Ja- 
nizaries and commandant, he formed a powerful oppofitionto the 
Pafha, confiding of many rich and eminent inhabitants, who were 
diflatisfied with the Pafha's condudt. By numerous intrigues and 
difputes the latter was gradually deprived of his authority, and 
Pafwan Oglo ufurped his place. After the laft Ruffian war, the 
Porte being much in want of money, had recourfe to new and 
unpopular meafures of finance. Taxes were for the firft time 
impofed on articles of confumption, as grain and wine. Paf- 
wan availed himfelf of the difcontents occafioned by thefe impo- 
fitions, and as his power increafed boafted that he would correct 
fuch abufes. 
The Porte, following its ufual policy of rewarding where it 
cannot punifh, of decorating the head which it wilhes to ftrike 
3 H 2 off, 
