THE AFRICAN ASSOCIATION. 309 
Persia, and Abyssinia. The sovereign of Bornou 
is more powerful than the emperor of Marocco ; 
and no less than 30 languages are spoken in his 
dominions. The capital of Bornou is situated in 
N. lat. 24° 32', and E. long. 22° 57', 660 G. 
miles from Mourzouk, and 524 miles west from 
Dongola on the Nile. The powerful Arabian tribes 
of Booaish and Duhassin occupy the deserts to the 
north-west of Bornou, collect the dates which grow 
on the most fertile spots, and sometimes engage in 
the transportation of merchandize. The general 
appearance of the country is level and flat. The 
soil is fertile, though frequently interrupted by 
stripes of sandy desert, and produces rice, maize, 
beans, cotton, hemp, and indigo, in abundance. 
Few dates grow in Bornou ; but grapes, apricots, 
pomegranates, lemons, limes, and melons, abound. 
Among the native productions of the soil is the 
Kedeynahy which, in form and height, resembles 
the olive, and in its leaf the lemon. It produces a 
nut, the kernel of which is highly esteemed, and 
an oil is extracted from the shell, which is employ- 
ed as a substitute for the oil of olives. Domestic 
animals are the sheep, the goat, the camel, the 
horse, the buffaloe, and horned cattle. Bees are 
numerous. The wild animals are the lion, leo- 
pard, wolf, fox, wild-dog> civet-cat, elephant, crocor 
dile, hippopotamus, and giraffe, or camelopardales. 
In the cities of this empire, the houses are built 
