SOUTHERN AFRICA* 
plain on which the town is built, consists of a bed 
of blue schistus, above which lies a body of strong 
iron clay. Embedded in the clay are immense 
blocks of granite, and above both, a horizontal bed 
of sandstone ; then a mass, a thousand feet deep, 
of whitish grey quartz ; and sandstone above all. 
No marine remains are to be found in the sides of 
this mountain. 
The mode in which journeys are performed in 
Southern Africa is by hiring large waggons, drawn 
by a team, which consists of ten or twelve oxen. 
These travel from five to fifteen hours a day, ge- 
nerally at the rate of three miles in the hour. 
After passing the Table mountain, they came to 
the isthmus, which consists of a sandy flat, not 
more than twenty or thirty feet above the le- 
vel of the sea. Here, along the eastern coast, are 
found numerous shells, several hundred feet higher* 
and accumulated chiefly in the caves of the moun- 
tains. Mr Barrow is of opinion, that they have 
been conveyed thither by the myriads of sea fowl 
that frequent the African shores. The travellers 
next entered into ah extensive Valley, bordered by 
detached mountains, called the Tigerberg, Paari- 
berg, Simonsberg, and by a very lofty range, which 
shuts in its eastern extremity. The most copious 
and most profitable produce is wine. An acre of 
ground will yield five pipes of one hundred and fifty- 
four gallons each, which will sell from L. 10 to L.3G 
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