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APPENDIX. 
sail ; along the Nile they afterwards pass by Salla, Tocrur, Be- 
rissa, Ghana, with the other provinces of Vancara and Caugha, 
and all the country of the negroes, who for the most part in- 
habit along the Nile itself, or the rivers which fall into it. 
The rest of the countries lying distant from the Nile, on each 
side, are desert sands and solitary wastes, altogether unculti- 
vated : There are indeed wells found in them, but often dry, 
and travellers find no water for two, four, five, six, and some- 
times twelve days' journey. Of this nature is the road of 
Beneser, which is upon the way between Segelmessa and 
Ghana, where for fourteen days no water can be got ; for which 
reason the caravans have it carried with them in all such roads 
on the backs of camels. There are throughout the countries of 
the blacks many such passes, the soil being mostly sand, which, 
tossed to and fro by the wind, makes it impracticable to find 
water. Those regions are also subject to excessive heat, so 
that the inhabitants of the first and second, and of some 
parts of the third climate, through the intense heat and burn- 
ing of the sun, are of a black colour, and have their hair curl- 
ing, contrary to what happens to those who live in the sixth 
and seventh climate. From the Isle of yiil to the city of Salla 
are sixteen stations ; that city is situated on the north side of 
the Nile ; it is populous, and abounding with the best mer- 
chandises of the negroes, and the citizens are stout and coura- 
geous. This place is in the dominion of the king of Tocrur, 
who is a mighty prince, having many servants and soldiers et 
known fortitude, power, and justice, with a country well se- 
cured, and exposed to no fears : His chief seat and place of 
residence is the city Tocrur, standing on the south bank of 
the Nile, two days' journey from Salla, as well by the river 
as by land. The city Tocrur is larger than that of Salla, 
and more abounding with commerce : The remotest inhabitants 
of the west , bring thither shells and brass, and carry from 
thence gold and bracelets for the legs ; The diet at Salla 
