The uncastrated Males being fierce, and 
very difficult to manage, are not used for la- 
bour: one of these is kept to every five or six 
Females. The most active and nimble geld- 
ings are selected to draw the sledges of travel- 
lers, and the heaviest are employed in carrying 
provisions and baggage. Their chief food, in 
winter, is a species of Lichen, or Liverr-Wort, 
called Lichen Rangiferinus, or the Rein-Deer 
Liver- Wort, or Moss, which covers vast 
tracts of the northen regions: and, as this lies 
far beneath the snow, they dig with their feet, 
and paimated brow-anglers, till they arrive at 
their favourite food. They browze, in sum- 
mer, on various other vegetable substances. 
The Laplanders, who present the singularity 
of a, pastoral people living in. even the frozen 
limits of the Arctic circle, almost equally 
strangers to commerce, and the sanguinary- 
conflicts which it so often occasions, frequently 
possess a herd of a thousand- Rein-Deer: even 
the poorest, have generally a smajl flock of 
these useful animals. They house, and nur- 
ture them, during the rigours of their long 
winter j and, in summer, lead them to the tops 
of 
