NARCOTICS AND STIMULANTS 447 
Rio Negro, and I sent a quantity of it to Kew 
for analysis. My account of it was published in 
Hooker's Journal of Botany for July 1853, and 
I here reproduce it. The leaves of ipadii are pulled 
off the branches, one by one, and roasted on the 
mandiocca-oven, then pounded in a cylindrical 
mortar, 5 or 6 feet in height, made of the lower 
part of the trunk of the Pupunha or Peach Palm 
(Giiilielmia speciosa), the hard root forming the 
• base and the soft inside being scooped out. It 
is made of this excessive length because of the 
impalpable nature of the powder, which would 
otherwise fly up and choke the operator ; and it is 
buried a sufficient depth in the ground to allow of 
its being easily worked. The pestle is of propor- 
tionate length, and is made of any hard wood. 
When the leaves are sufficiently pounded, the 
powder is taken out with a small cuya fastened to 
the end of an arrow. A small quantity of tapioca, 
in powder, is mixed with it to give it consistency, 
and it is usual to add pounded ashes of Imba-uba 
or Drum tree {Cec7'opia peltata\ which are saline 
and antiseptic. With a chew of ipadii in his cheek, 
renewed at intervals of a few hours, an Indian will 
go for days without food and sleep. 
In April 1852 I assisted, much against my will, 
at an Indian feast in a little rocky island at the 
foot of the falls of the Rio Negro ; for I had 
' gone down the falls to have three or four days' 
herborising, and I found my host — the pilot of the 
cataracts — engaged in the festivities, which neither 
he nor my man would leave until the last drop of 
cauim (coarse cane- or plantain-spirit) was consumed. 
During the two days the feast lasted I was nearly 
