XXVIII HIDDEN TREASURE 497 
dillera de Yana-urcu, or the Llanganatis of the 
Curaray, consisting chiefly of a wooded mountain 
with many summits, called Rundu-uma-urcu or 
Sacha-Llanganati. 
6. Jorobado or the Hunchback, south-south- 
west half west from Yurac-Llanganati, and between 
the river Topo and the head of the greater Rio 
Verde. 
I have conversed with people who have visited 
the Llanganati district as far as forty years back, 
and all assure me they have never seen any active 
volcano there ; yet this by no means proves that 
Guzman invented the mouths vomiting flame which 
appear on his map. The Abbe Velasco, writing in 
1770,^ says of Tunguragua, " It is doubtful whether 
this mountain be a volcano or not," and yet three 
years afterwards it burst forth in one of the most 
violent eruptions ever known. I gather from the 
perusal of old documents that it continued to emit 
smoke and flame occasionally until the year 1780. 
Many people have assured me that smoke is still 
seen sometimes to issue from the crater. I was 
doubtful about the fact, until, having passed the 
night of November 10, 1857, at the height of about 
8000 feet on the northern slope of the mountain, I 
distinctly saw at daybreak (from 5^^ to 6| a.m.) 
smoke issuing from the eastern edge of the trun- 
cated apex.^ In ascending on the same side, along 
the course of the great stream of lava that over- 
whelmed the farm of Juivi and blocked up the 
^ Historia de Quito. 
^ The same morning (Nov. ii), at 4 a.m., I observed a great many 
shooting- stars in succession, all becoming visible at the same point (about 40" 
from the zenith), proceeding along the arc of a great circle drawn through 
Orion's Belt and Sirius, and disappearing behind the cone of Tunguragua. 
VOL. II " 2 K 
