XXVIII HIDDEN TREASURE 511 
of a quarrel which broke out among the miners 
themselves and resulted in the death of one of 
them. In the other, the river (the Lliquino) rose 
suddenly on them by night and carried off their 
canoes (in which a quantity of roughly-washed gold 
was heaped up), besides the Long Tom and all their 
other implements. 
I close this memoir by an explanation of the 
Ouichua terms which occur most frequently on the 
map. 
Spanish authors use the vowels u and 0 almost indiscriminately 
in writing Quichua names, although the latter sound does not 
exist in that language ; and in some words which have become 
grafted on the Spanish, as spoken in Peru and Ecuador, the o has 
supplanted the u not only in the orthography but in the actual 
pronunciation, as, for instance, in Pongo and Cocha, although the 
Indians still say " Chimbu-rasu," and not "Chimborazo" — "Cutu- 
pacsi " or " Cutu-pagsi," and not "Cotopaxi." The sound of the 
English IV is indicated in Spanish gu or hu \ that of the French 
j does not exist in Spanish, and is represented by //, whose 
sound is somewhat similar; thus " Lligua " is pronounced "Jiwa." 
"Llanganati" is now pronounced with the Spanish sound of the 
//, but whether this be the original mode is doubtful. An un- 
accented terminal e (as in Spanish "verde") is exceedingly rare in 
Indian languages, and has mostly been incorrectly used for a 
short i\ thus, if we wdsh to represent the exact pronunciation, we 
should write " Casiquiari," "Ucayali," and "Llanganati" — ]2ot 
Casiquiare, Ucayale, Llanganate. 
"Llanganati" may come from "llanga," to touch, because the 
group of mountains called by that name touches on the sources of 
the rivers all round ; thus, on Guzman's map, we find "Llanganatis 
del Rio Verde" — "Llanganatis del Topo " — "Llanganatis del 
Curaray," for those sections of the group which respectively touch 
on the Rio Verde, the Topo, and the Curaray. The following are 
examples of the mode of using the verb "llanga." "Amallan- 
gaichu ! " — " Touch it not ! " " Imapag llancangui ? " — " Why do 
you touch it"; or "Pitag llancayni'rca ? " — "Who told you to 
touch it?" And the answer might be " Llancanatag chari-carca 
llancarcani."—" [Thinking] it might be touched, I touched it." 
It is to be noted that the frequent use of the letter in place 
of is a provincialism of the Quitonian Andes, where (for 
instance) they mostly say "Inga" instead of "Inca." But in 
