PREFACE ix 
frontispiece was taken by a friend of Spruce's 
four years before his death. The photo-plate 
(made to illustrate Dr. Balfour's obituary notice 
in the Annals of Botany) has been kindly lent 
for the present work by the Clarendon Press, 
Oxford. 
I also have to thank the Royal Geographical 
and Linnean Societies for permission to make use 
of Articles and Maps which were first published 
in their Journals. 
ALFRED R. WALLACE. 
VOL. I 
a 2 
