CONTENTS 
PAGE 
Biographical Introduction . . . . xxi 
List of the Books and Papers published by Richard 
Spruce, Ph.D. . . . . . xlix 
CHAPTER I 
para and the equatorial forests 
The dry season — ^ Flowering of forest-trees — Difficulty of 
gathering the flowers — Plants of the marshes — Sealing- 
wax tree — Monkey-pods — Plants of waste places — -The 
virgin forests — To Caripi — The Para river — The house 
and its tenants — Fight with a bat — The Caraipe tree — 
Making farinha — A new clearing — Miriti palms — A'isit to 
Tauau — The pottery — The primeval forests — Magnificent 
trees — Lofty palms — Buttressed trees — ^ Aerial roots — 
Parasitical trees — Forms of trunks — Varieties of bark — 
Lianas or rope-plants — Flattened creepers — ^ Epiphytes 
and parasites — Scarcity of Orchids — Ferns — Leaves, 
various forms of — Colour of the leaves — The flowers — 
Abundance of small, green, or inconspicuous flowers — 
Large and brilliant flowers — Curious flowers — Strange or 
beautiful fruits — Palms and other endogens — Fern-valleys 
— Vegetable products of Para — The Milk tree — \\irious 
Milk trees of South America — The Pitch trees . . i 
CHAPTER n 
VOYAGE TO SANTAREM AND FIRST RESIDENCE THERE 
Stores for the voyage — The Para river — Floating aquatics-^ 
In the Amazon — Gurupa— Willow trees — Hills of Monte 
xi 
