I50 NOTES OF A BOTANIST 
just described, and the colour of the bark is due to 
variously-coloured lichens, as already referred to 
(p. 27). Almost behind the Campsiandra is the 
Jauarf palm, the lower portion of the stem being 
thickly clad with long spines directed downwards. 
As the tree gets older these fall off, as shown in the 
two specimens to the right, which exhibit the scars 
of the fallen leaf-stalks in beautifully regular pale rings. 
Both these trees are common in the clear-water 
tributaries of the Amazon and Rio Negro. — Ed.] 
Other trees of the Tapajoz were species of 
Terminalia, Genipa, Tecoma, etc. But the most 
ornamental tree there was Pithecolobium cauliflorum, 
Mart., a Mimoseous tree of moderate size, with a 
gnarled tortuous trunk on which and on the main 
branches grow the flowers, consisting almost wholly 
of long thread-like stamens, lake-red above, white 
below ; and they are so densely packed as to give 
the trunk the appearance of being enveloped in 
toucan's feathers, thus producing, along with the 
green, leafy, but flowerless crown of the tree, a 
striking and novel effect. 
Among the very few palms at Santarem, one, 
the Jara [Leopoldinia pulchra, Mart.), grows gre- 
gariously by the Tapajoz ; and it reappears on the 
Rio Negro in such abundance as to be one of the 
characteristic plants of that river. It is of humble 
growth, rarely exceeding 12 to 15 feet, and its 
most marked feature is the rigid leaf-sheaths, split 
into finger-like divisions, which remain clasping 
the stem like so many gauntlets after the leaves 
themselves have fallen away. 
[Another of the interesting palms found by 
Spruce in the caapoeras of Santarem is the small 
