VII 
AT MANAOS 
233 
crop out at the river's edge. Here he spent three 
days, and nearly three weeks later on in July 
and August, to which latter period his notes on 
this locality apply. After his first visit he crossed 
to the southern bank of the Amazon, where he 
landed, and afterwards ascended some distance up 
the river, then crossing over to the angle between 
the Solimoes and Rio Negro, and ascending a few 
miles up the latter river before crossing over to 
the Barra. The following notes refer to this return 
journey, and will be understood by reference to the 
outline map at p. 229.] 
On the right (south) bank of the Solimoes, at 
its mouth, or just where it takes the name of 
Amazon, is a flat of land which, rising a little 
higher than the adjacent portion, is not flooded, 
though it escapes by but a few inches. On this 
spot there was formerly a sitio and a large planta- 
tion of Cacao and other things ; now all is running 
again to forest, but several Cacao trees remain, and 
there is a large flat of Breadfruit trees, which seem 
firmly established and even spreading, for under- 
neath the well-grown trees appears not a plant save 
numerous seedlings of the same tree. Hence there 
appears to be some deleterious effect from decaying 
leaves to extraneous species. 
The vegetation of the shores of the Solimoes 
is more advanced than that of inner Parana-min's. 
Yet it has a rather ragged aspect owing to the 
banks consisting almost wholly of terras cahidas 
— large portions falling away every year in the dry 
season and forming the great peril of the navigation. 
A party was collecting turtle oil on a sandy 
beach of the Solimoes, with several canoes drawn 
