322 NOTES OF A BOTANIST 
fall ; this is on the left bank. Less than an hour's 
rowing above this brings us to the Pin6-pin6 
caxoeira, where there are four falls, separated by 
islands. These are really cascades, especially the 
one on the right, by which is the customary route, 
and where the water falls at once nearly perpen- 
dicularly some lo or 12 feet. At the very margin 
the water is shallow — indeed, the stones are said 
to be completely dry in the height of summer, 
so that canoes are dragged up and let down with- 
out much risk as far as the waters are concerned. 
The peril is in approaching the fall from above, 
where there are violent currents and eddies, and 
also sunken rocks, among which it demands a 
practised hand to steer so as to shoot into a small 
bay at the very edge of the falls. 
The falls of Pino-pino, with the intervening 
islands, are really picturesque when viewed from 
below. Here was anciently placed the village, that 
of Sao Jeronymo being on a modern site. 
A little above and in sight of Pino-pino falls is a 
bay on the right bank, in the recess of which is the 
residence of one of the most powerful Indians on 
the river — a Tariana named Bernardo. His house, 
called Urubii-coara (the Turkey-buzzard's nest), is 
one of those very large church -like fabrics which 
would seem anciently to have been the normal 
habitations of these Indians ; and it contains, 
besides the families of his sons and daughters, those 
also of numerous dependents. 
From above Pino-pino the river is again wide, 
and in many places there is not the least current 
perceptible ; there is also a wider gapo than is usual 
below Panure. 
