FOREST AND STREAM. 
Mosquitoes and Malaria. 
All kinds of questions come my way. I must have a 
reputation for knowing a heap more than I do. A man 
writes and asks: "Do you believe in. the latest theory, 
that mosquitoes propagate malaria?" 
The elder Agassiz fought the evolution proposition, and 
he had a reputation as a great naturalist. In his day that 
term covered all that was known in scientific lore as it 
covered it in Humboldt's day, and he had a great follow- 
ing among those who thought that all religious ideas were 
to be upset just as the same class thought when Galileo 
declared that the world was round. 
The late Prof. Edward D. Cope, when on a trip up 
the East River to Glen Island, bound for a dinner of the 
Ichthyophagous" Club, said, in the presence of a number 
of us that: "Agassiz is too old to receive and entertain 
new ideas" ; and added : "Science is advancing, and no 
zoologist should live beyond his sixtieth year." This 
wa"s about fifteen years ago, and Prof. Cope died when 
about the age he had named. 
This is cited merely to show that men are not alike. 
My early training and belief was that the poison of the 
mosquito was an antidote for malaria, and that its mission 
was to relieve dwellers in swamps from the evils of their 
environment. This was not an iinnatural belief in that 
day, in fact it seems as if there was no need of the mos- 
quito to propagate' malaria in the swamps where it 
reigned supreme. 
There the matter rested until the new theory was ad- 
vanced, and if it is proved to be correct, I will accept it, 
although beyond the age-limit set by Prof. Cope, But is 
the case proved? The following will show the inocula- 
tion side: The quotation is from an article by Dr. Ami- 
co Bignami, lecturer- in the Institute of Pathological Ana- 
tomy of the Royal University at Rome, in a recent number 
of the Lancet: "To sum up, malaria is a disease which 
is contracted by inoculation — a fact of which we have now 
obtained the first experimental proof, since we have seen, 
that an individual who has never had malarial fever, by 
sleeping in a healthy place, where no one had ever pre- 
viously taken fever, may sicken with malaria of a grave 
type if bitten by certain species of the mosquito brought 
in the adult state from some distant locality of highly 
malarious character. Further, everything points to the 
conclusion that inoculation is the only mode by which 
infection is acquired, since air and water as carriers of in- 
fection may be excluded, and because arguments based on 
analogy all tend in the same direction. This much, at any 
rate, we can assert, namely, that inoculation is the only 
mechanism of infection which lias been demonstrated 
experimentally." 
I don't like to be classed with the obstructionists men- 
tioned by Prof. Cope, because I have passed his age limit, 
but having been a victim to what the doctors have called 
"malaria," in Brooklyn, during winter months when a 
mosquito could not live and not more than three feeble 
ones had been seen during the summer, I am inclined to 
attribute the "malaria" to something other than that in- 
sect Fred Mather. 
The Massachusetts Association. 
Boston, Jan. 12.— Editor Forest and Stream: The 
Massachusetts Fish and Game Protective Association en- 
ters upon another year — the twenty-fifth — of its useftil and 
profitable existence. For twenty-five years it has stood 
for the enactment of laws for the protection of fish and 
game, and their rigid enforcement. The scope of its use- 
fulness has been enlarged from time to time, and it is to- 
day regarded as a powerful factor in behalf of wholesome 
and beneficent measures relating to fish and game. 
It has raised and expended large sums of money for re- 
stocking our natural covers with game birds suitable to 
our climate and surrounding's, and it is still in good con- 
dition, and prepared to continue in the good \york for 
which it ^-as formed. It bears on its rolls of membership 
many genuine sportsmen — business and professional men 
who find their enjoyment in the fields and on the lakes 
and streams — men who have given freely of their time 
and means to promote the interests of fish and game pro- 
tection, thereby fostering at the same time the public in- 
tcrcst. 
The annual meeting was held at the Copley Square 
Hotel on Wednesday evening, the nth inst., and was 
largely attended. Previous to the general gathering, a 
meeting of the board of management was held, at which 
Vice-President B. C. Clark presided. Several matters of 
interest were informally discussed and referred to the new 
board for future action. At the association meeting Col. 
Horace T. Rockwell, the president, occupied the chair, and 
there were present ex-Presidents B. C. Clark, E. A. 
Samuels and George W. Wiggin; Ivers W. Adams, Dr. 
John T. Stetson, John N. Roberts, I. Q. A. Field, J. Rus- 
sell Reed, Arthur W. Robinson, Dr. I. W. Bull, Dr. E. W. 
Branigan, Loring Crocker, Dr. A. R. Brown A. C. Ris- 
teen, Robert S. Gray. Geo. O. Sears. Warren Hapgood. W. 
B Hastings. Richard V. Joyce, x\rthur I. Selfridge, E. E. 
Small, George Loring. C. J. H. Woodbury. A. S. Adams, 
Sumer A. Ganed, Charles C. Williams, Charles Stewart, 
Dr George H. Payne, W. C. Woodward, Charles Batcher, 
Levi Kennison, C. A. Reed, N. L. Martin, Col. George L. 
Shepley, of Providence; C. M. Gallaupe, Judge S. A. Bol- 
'=ter C, A. Bamey, George M. Tufts, Joseph Guild and 
others. Several proposals for membership were referred 
to the appropriate committee, and a ballot resulted in the 
unanimous election of Dr. Maurice H. Richardson, Mr. 
Bliss Black and Mr. W. S. Hinman to membership. Mr. 
Kimball, the treasurer, presented his report, by which it 
appeared that the funds were in good condition, and that 
there was a balance on hand at the beginning of the year 
of $231.70. The invested funds had grown somewhat 
during the year, and now amounted to $2,635.70. The 
committee on ballot announced the election of the follow- 
ing officers for the ensuing year : 
President, George W. Wiggin; Vice-Presidents. Horace 
T Rockwell, Benjamin C. Clark, C. J. H. Woodbury. 
Robert S. Gray, James Russell Reed, Heber Bishop, E. 
A Samuels ; Secretary and Treasurer, Henry H. Kimball ; 
Librarian Dr. E. W. Branigan; Executive Committee, 
Dr John T. Stetson, Charles Stewart, William B. Smart, 
Roilm Jones, Charles M. Bryant. George TI. Payne, John 
N Roberts. Charles G. Gibson, Dr. A, R. Bro\yn, A. C. 
Risteen, Loring Crocker. E. E. Small ; Membership Com- 
mittee, Arthur W. Robinson, Thomas H. Hall, W. B. 
Hastings; Fund Committee, Warren Hapgood, Charles C. 
Williams, George O. Sears. 
Col. Rockwell on retiring from the chair spoke of the 
good work done by the Association, for in spite of the 
cavil and criticisms that were formerly heard the Asso- 
ciation had performed a great amount of work for the 
public good. His predecessors had been a long line of 
enthu.siastic and honorable sportsmen, who had given of 
their time and money to further the objects of the Asso- 
ciation, and he congratulated his fellow riiembers upon 
the election of Mr. Wiggin, who had been in the position 
before, and who could always be counted upon for eiiS- 
cient work. Ex-Presidents Clark and Samuels conducted 
Mr. Wiggin to the chair, and that gentleman thanked the 
members for the confidence extended him. Up to the pres- 
ent moment he said he had hardly decided whether it was 
his duty to accept the burden laid upon him. He had been 
there before, and knew something of the duties of the 
position. It entails time and money and ceaseless activity, 
and so strong was his interest in the Association and its 
work that he felt it his duty to accept once more the 
presidency, and he promised his best efforts in its behalf. 
Since its organization not a year has gone by that it has 
not done good work before the Legislature to secure 
proper fish and game laws, and in various other ways has 
its influence been potent. We have always had our at- 
torney ready and willing to bring cases of violation of the 
laws before the courts, and he has brought many such 
cases to a successful issue. In many instances, as is well 
known, it is exceedingly difficult to secure evidence 
against known violators of the law, but once give us the 
proper evidence and our attorney will push the cases to 
conviction. He closed by invoking the hearty co-opera- 
tion of all the members as well as all the advocates of fish 
and game protection, as only in that way could successful 
results be obtained. 
A vote of thanks was passed to Col. Rockwell for his 
two years' successful administration, and the Colonel 
briefly responded. 
Col. Shepley, of Providence, gave an interesting talk 
upon tarpon fishing, premising his remarks by saying that 
so wonderful was that sport that it was almost impossible 
to lie about it. He then proceeded to give his experiences, 
some of which would have seemed to border on the mira- 
culous had it not been for his disclaimer. Mr, Walter 
Selaman, of Newark, N. J., spoke interestingly of the 
boar, kangaroo and alligator hunting. Mr, W. S. Hin- 
man told of seeing a bunch of partridges that were en- 
tirely innocent of shot marks hanging up in a market. 
After the appointment of a committee to arrange for 
the annual dinner — always the swell affair of the Associa- 
tion — a very interesting ' and successful meeting was 
hrought to a close. William B. Smart. 
Spawning Grilse. 
New York, Jan. 11. — ^Mr. Mowat's note on spawning 
grilse in this week's Forest and Stream suggests the idea 
that his grilse may have been mature small salmon that 
have wandered into the Restigouche River from some 
smaller stream. In some of the streams of Newfoundland 
and Labrador, salmon seem to mature at less than 4lbs. 
weight. At first I took these fish for grilse, but on dis- 
covering that many of them contained well developed ova, 
a little close observation taught me to pick out the salmon 
readilv bv their mature general appearance. In some of 
the small" Atlantic streams of the far north the majority 
of the salmon seem to be mature at from 3^4 to 5lbs. 
weight, and I assume that they are fish that have adapted 
themselves to an environment. Breeding stations are not 
apt to be erected on streams containing small salmon 
only, and it is possible that an interesting chapter on 
small salmon remains to be written. R. T. M. 
Female Gtilsc. 
Office of Official Reporters of Debates, House of 
Representatives, U. S., Washington, D, C, Jan. 12.— 
Editor Forest and Stream: Referring to the interesting 
letter of Mr, Alexander Mowat, on the subject of female 
grilse, I wish to say that in 1S96, while fishing on the Little 
Sou'west Miramichi in New Brunswick with Mr. Henry 
Braithwaite, I killed a grilse weighing 3^1bs., which was 
in every respect, so far as eggs, etc., were concerned, a 
miniature female salmon. The eggs were about the size 
of tho.se which are found in a 2lb. brook trout, Mr. 
Braithwaite, while cleaning the fish, called my attention 
to the fact. He said he had seen several female grilse, but 
that they were by no means common. 
Frederic Irland. 
h0 M^ttmL 
Fixtures. 
BENCH SHOWS.- 
Jan 18 — Logansport, Ind.— North Central Indiana Poultry As- 
sociation's bench show. Sol. D. Brandt, Sec'y- ' . 
Jan. 19-21.— New Orleans, La.— New Orleans Fox lemer Club s 
show.' Wm. Le Monnier, Sec'y. ' 
Feb 8-11 —Milwaukee, Wis.— Bench show for the benefit of the 
Wisconsin training school for nurses, E. J Meisenheimer, Sec y. 
Feb 21-24 —New York.— Westminster Kennel Club s twenty- 
third annual show. Jas. Mortimer Sec'y and Supt. . , 
March 7-10.— Grand Rapids, Mich.— Butterfly Association s bench 
show. Miss Grace H. Griswold, Sec'y. _ i, 
March 14-17.— St. Louis, Mo.— St. Louis Kennel Club s show. 
March 21-5!4.-Clucago.-Mascoutah Kennel Club's show 
April 4-7.— Boston, Mass.— New England Kennel Club s bench 
show. James Mortimer, Manager. „ ^, ^ c. 
Nov 22-24.— New York.— American Pet Dog Club's snow. S, 
C. Hodge, Supt. ^^^^^ TRIALS. 
Jan 16 — Bakersfield, Ca!.— Field trials of the Pacific Coast Field 
'''ii ^t^N^'i^^. S. F. T. C winte. trials. W. B, 
^*jari!'^23.-^We^t Point, Miss.— Champion Field Trials Association's 
^°^eb T-Mldlson, Ala.-Alabama Field Trial Club's third annual 
trials, i". H. Spencer, Sec'y. 
Dogs for Grizzles, 
Boston, Mass.— Editor Forest and Stream: Last Sep- 
tember, while shooting in the Rocky Mountains, I 
wounded two "silver tips" which I was unable to track in 
the thick timber and so lost. 
During this same trip I constantly came upon the fresh 
tracks of mountain lions, but was unable to get a shot at 
this game. 
As I am making arrangements now for another trip next 
fall, I write to ask if you can give me any information 
about _ getting a pair of well trained bear dogs, which 
can also be used for treeing mountain lions and tracking 
wounded game; also what such a pair of well trained dogs 
should cost, I care nothing about breed, but want only 
dogs experienced in such hunting. 
During my trip last September I shot two grizzlies, but 
had I had a pair of good dogs I should have probably 
gotten five, as I had three other good shots offered me. 
As I shall have no opportunity in giving a trial, it is 
quite necessary that I am put in communication with 
some reliable party who may have such a pair of dogs for 
sale. If you can help me in this matter I shall be greatly 
obliged. ^ J. H, K. 
International Field Trial Cup. 
Editor Forest and Stream : 
I send you to-day a photograph of the very handsome 
cup donated to the club by Mr. Thomas Johnson, which 
has just arrived from Winnipeg. The cup was to go to 
the winner of the All-Age Stake at the late trials. Mr. 
Geo. Kime's English setter dog Noble Chieftain was the 
lucky dog, and he comes honestly by his good field quali- 
ties, being by Dash Antonia, out of a bitch bj' Old Mingo. 
Your reporter omitted to mention of the cup in his re- 
port of the trials and also m his report of the 
annual meeting of the club, that Mr. Johnson had 
been unanimously elected an honorary member, in 
recognition of and as a slight return for his generous 
support of the club since its start in 1889. 
Wm. B, Wells, Hon, Sec'y I. F. T. C. 
Points and Flushes. 
The twenty-third annual dog show of the Westminster 
Kennel Club, to be held in Madison Square Garden, New 
York, Feb. 21-24, promises to be in every way a success. 
Entries close Feb. 6. For premium lists, etc, apply to 
the- Superintendent, Mr. James Mortimer, Room 812, 
Townsend Building,. 1 123 Broadway, New York. 
The Poultry Gentleman's Poultry, Dog and Pet Stock 
Association was organized on Jan. 12, and it voted to hold 
a poultry dog and pet stock show Feb. 28 to March 2. Dr. 
Hacker was elected president and Judson S, Newing 
treasurer of the Association. The other officers chosen 
were: Poultry Department, Vice-President, George C, 
Salmon, of Port Dickinson, and Secretary and Superin- 
tendent, Nat, E. Luce. Kennel and Pet Stock Depart- 
ment, Vice-President, J. B. Hadsell, Jr.; Secretary and 
Superintendent, A. Perry Fish; Veterinarian, Dr. H. H. 
Tarr. Bench Committee, A. Perry Fish, Thomas B, 
Beaty, Fred. W. Smith, J. Hadsell, Jr„ Samuel Hill, Dr. 
H, H. Tarr and Dr. W. H. Hacker. 
Roxbury^ Mass., Jan. 16. — Editor Forest and Stream: 
At the annual meeting of the Brunswick Fur Club, held 
at Barre, Mass., on Jan. 9, the following officers were 
elected: O. T, Joslin, President; A. B, F. Kinney, Solo- 
mon Bennett, J. H, Van Dorn, Vice-Presidents; A. B. 
McGregor, M. F. H. ; Bradford S. Turpin, Secretary; W. 
B. Stone, Treasurer; Dr. A. C. Heffenger, L. E. Conant, 
Geo. E. Carr, L. O. Dennison, Executive Committee; J. 
H. Van Dorn, Delegate to A. K. C. ■ 
Bradford S. Turpin, Sec'y. 
Fittings for Canoes and Small Craft* 
That experienced cruiser, Mr. W. Baden-Powell, writes 
as follows in the Field concerning the fittings and ap- 
pliances for small craft. It must be said that matters are 
in a better state on this side of the water within a few 
years past than ever before, and in some lines a very 
high degree of perfection has been reached. At the same 
time there are some necessary articles not easily obtained 
in the proper size and quality for the small cruiser. 
Considering the enormous increase in thg number of 
small yachts, sailing boats and canoes all over Etigland 
in the last few years, it is really an astonishing thing to 
find that practically nothing has been done by tradesmen in 
the way of placing before the public, ready made, the 
necessary or useful metal fittings and other furniture 
specially adapted to small craft. For yachts and steam 
launches almost every bit of metal fitting required for hull 
or rigging can be purchased at the yacht store dealers at 
comparatively moderate prices, either in galvanized iron, 
copper, or brass. But for canoes and canoe-j^awls al- 
most the whole of the metal fittings, except common cleats, 
have to be hand made to drawings, and templates supplied 
by owner or builder to a local metal smith. The conse- 
quence is that such fittings cost about double the amount 
which would be asked if they were turned out wholesale 
and bought up by builders or even by owners. 
Of course, in years gone by the answer to this was that 
the trade was so small as not to be worth the attention of 
manufacturers; but the fleet of small craft has quite 
changed since then, and at present the result is that, unless 
the expensive special fitting is adopted, the small raters, 
canoe-yawls and canoes are very commonly fitted up 
with metal work and fittings ridiculously large and heavy, 
and certainly not of the most convenient or modern pat- 
tern. Jaws "for gaff or boom, made in brass and leather 
covered, should be procurable in various sizes and 
strengths; leather covered brass mast rings for lug hal- 
yards, with a neatly rounded eye wrought on, or a bent 
wire ring eye on the bight, with thimble, should be. pro- 
curable in several sizes. Boxwood bullseyes stropped with 
brass bands for screwing to deck as fairleads for sheets, 
bullseyes stropped with screw-pin shackles, brass stropped 
boxwood blocks, masthead rigging collars, stem head fit- 
tings, and a host of other things should be purchasable 
ready made and of size exactly wanted in each class of 
