96 
[Feb. 4, iSgg, 
given to the waterline protection of machinery and 
magazines through their location and the disposition of 
the bunkers. The accommodation should include healthy 
and comfortable quarters for a proportionately large 
complement of officers and crew for an indefinite time, 
and the armament should be comparatively powerful, 
with the guns more advantageously located than is pos- 
sible on a yacht. Special provision should be made for 
magazines, ammunition hoists, distilling apparatus, and 
minor auxiliaries. There should be no sails, and no 
spars except the single military mast, and in all cases 
torpedo tubes should be excluded. Profiting by one 
serious defect of the yachts, special attention should be 
directed to the disposition of space in holds and bunkers 
so that it may be utilized to advantage without a ma- 
terial change of trim. 
The intended uses of this class call for three sizes : for 
sea work, as dispatch boats and tenders, and for picket 
duty, vessels of not over 800 tons displacement, about the 
size of the Gloucester and Scorpion, the draft not exceed- 
ing lift, in a single screw boat; twin screw boats of this 
size with draft reduced to 9ft. would be very serviceable, 
as proved in the present case, for harbor and river 
work. The next size to be of about 400 tons displace- 
ment, about the size of the Hist, Eagle and Hornet, twin 
screw vessels of 7 to 8ft. draft, intended for sea service 
as pickets. The third size, for harbor patrol service, to 
be of about 200 tons and 6ft. draft, designed for smooth 
water, carr3'ing a light armament and limited supply of 
coal. A speed of fifteen knots would suffice for this 
service, but they should be capable of towing a vessel out 
of possible danger. 
The requirements here set forth are in a general way 
but the theoretic qualities of the converted yacht, not 
fully realized now in any one vessel, but easily obtained 
in a special design. To the specialist in torpedo-boat 
design or to the yacht designer the problem would be a 
simple one. On the one hand, the demand for very high 
speed, approaching thirty knots, with its egg-shell con- 
struction and numerous limitations, is entirely eliminated ; 
and on the other the numerous and conflicting require- 
ments of the private owner as to amount and disposition 
of space are" replaced by fewer and simpler ones. A 
vessel of this type could be built for far less than either 
the torpedo boat or the converted yacht; she would ful- 
fill her own special mission, covering a very wide range 
of usefulness, better than either; she could be handled 
to advantage by the average crew, not necessarily ex- 
perienced men; she could, when not needed, be laid up 
for an indefinite time, ready for service at a few days' 
notice; and when thus laid up she would riot be sub- 
ject to the double deterioration of the torpedo boat; 
physical in the actual disintegration of her light frames 
and plating, and technical in the outbuilding by vessels 
of newer design and higher speed. As practice ves- 
sels for the Naval Militia for short intervals in the sum- 
mer, a purpose for which it has been suggested yachts 
might be borrowed, these vessels would be superior 
to either the yacht or the torpedo boat. They would 
carry a larger number of men than the torpedo boat, 
their armament of 4in., sin. and 6-pounder rapid fire 
guns would be better suited for practice than the two 
extremes of the torpedo and the i-pounder ; and_ while 
the larger sizes would be capable of practice cruises at 
sea, the smaller with their limited draft would be well 
adapted for such work as the exploration and study 
of local waters, as now carried on by the Naval Militia. 
With suitable designs once completed for each size of 
vessel in the class, there would be no necessity to modify 
them with each new improvement that gives speed; and 
the attention of the designer might be concentrated upon 
the perfecting of details and such a reduction of en- 
gines and other parts to established standards as would 
minimize the cost of construction, and also make it 
possible to add to the class very quickly in the case of 
an emergency. 
An - examination of the smaller types of gunboats in 
use by other nations would disclose many interesting 
points; but it is not necessary to go outside the imme- 
diate experiences of the past six months for several im- 
portant conclusions. The conditions of coast defense, 
as thus indicated, involve certain work which is not 
within the legitimate field of the existing gunboat class, 
or of tlie high speed torpedo boat ; and which can only 
be done imperfectly and at great expense by means of 
the conversion of the steam yacht. A special class of 
vessel ' fully fitted for this work can be constructed at a 
comparatively moderate cost; and once provided in suffi- 
cient numbers, can be laid up for an indefinite time in 
a condition for almost immediate use. 
In venturing to present these conclusions to those who 
have enjoyed more extended opportunities for observing 
the present fleet in. actual service, I earnestly hope that 
they may deem them worthy of their attention and 
criticism. 
YACHTING NEWS NOTES. 
The annual meeting of the American Y. C. was held on 
Jan, 17 at the Waldorf-Astoria, the following officers be- 
ing elected: Com., Chai-les A. Gould; Vice-Com., J. 
Murray Mitchell; Rear-Com., George W. Quintard; 
Sec'y, Thomas L. Scoville; Treas., W. Porter Allen; 
Fleet Surgeon, Dr. Charles I. Pardee; Meas., Howard 
Willets; Consulting Engineer, George W. Magee, U. S. 
N. ; Trustees for two }'ears, H. de B. Parsons, E. H. 
Weatherbee and William H. Beers. 
The following nominations for officers of the New 
York Y, C, have been posted; the annua! meeting takes 
place on Feb. 9: Com., J. Pierpont Morgan, steam yacht 
Corsair; Vice-Com., Lewis Cass Ledyard, schooner Mon- 
tauk; Rear-Com., August Belmont, sloop Mineola; Sec'y, 
J. V. S. Oddie; Treas., F. W. J. Hurst; Meas., John 
Hyslop ; Fleet Surgeon, Morris J. Asch, M. D. ; Regatta 
Committee, S. Nicholson Kane, Chester Griswold and 
Irving Grinnell ; Committee on Admissions, C. Oliver 
Iselin, LewisCassLedyard,Henry C.Ward, W.Butler Dun- 
can, Jr., and James A. Wright; House Committee, Tar- 
rant Putnam, Edward F. Darrell and Frank M. Cronise; 
Library Committee, Fordham Morris, Arthur H. Clark 
and Theodore C. Zerega; Committee on Club Stations, 
William H. Thomas, Frederick H. Benedict, F. August 
Schermerhorti, L. Vaughan Clark, Tarrant Putnam, Fred- 
erick P. Sands, Harrison B. Moore, John P. Duncan, 
Amzi L. Barber and Edward R. Ladew. 
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