lid 
Forest and str£:aM- 
[Feb^ II.. t 
not less than 40yds. or more than 60yds., so that the elevation 
of the target in its flight at a distance of 10yds. from the trap 
shall not be less than 6ft. or more than 12ft. from the ground. 
RULE 3. 
If for any reason, after the trap or traps have been properly 
adjusted the target should not fly the proper height or distance, 
it shall be considered a fair target— provided it flies high enough 
and far enough, in the opinion of the referee, to offer a fair shot to 
the contestant. 
RULE 4. 
To insure targets being thrown the same distance, three or more 
pegs should be placed in a semi-circle in front of the trap or 
traps, at a distance of 50yds. thereft-om. If, in the opinion of the 
referee, the targets are being thrown more than 10yds. beyond 
or more than 10yds. short of these pegs, the referee shall instruct 
the trapper to be more careful. 
RULE 5. 
In rapid-fire shooting, squads of five men may be fbrmed. Con- 
testants may shoot in rotation, from one to five, and each one 
may shoot at 2 targets in a 10, 3 in a 15, 4 in a 20, and 5 in a 
25-target event, and then all shall move up one position. In this 
way each contestant shall shoot at an equal number of targets 
from each of the different positions. 
[Other points are covered by previous rules on target shootmgj 
live Birds. 
RULE 1.— REFEREE. 
A referee shall be appointed by the contestants in a match, or 
by the management, whose decision shall be final. 
RULE 2.— DUTIES OF REFEREE. 
The referee shall see that the traps are properly set at the 
beginning of the match and kept in order to the finish, and 
that they are kept oroperly filled. He may at any time, and 
must, when so requested by a contestant, select one or more 
cartridges from those of a shooter at the score, and publicly test, 
the same for proper loading. If the cartridge or cartridges 
be found to be improperly loaded, the shooter shall suEEer the 
penalty provided in Rule 18. 
RULE 3.— SCORER. 
A scorer shall be appointed by the contestants in, a match, or 
by the management, whose score shall be the ofhcial one. All 
scores shall be plainly kept, and the scoring of a lost bird shall 
be indicated with a cipher, and of a dead bird by the hgure 1 it 
one barrel only is used, or by the figure 2 if both barrels are 
used. 
RULE 4.— PULLER. 
Section 1. A puller shall be appointed by the contestants in 
a match or by the management, and he shall be p aced at least 
tft behind the shooter's score It shall be the puUer^s duty to 
pull the traps instantly after the shooter has called Full. «.e 
f^all use a trap pulling indicator, or other device ^lat may be 
furnished by the management for that purpose, and he shall piill 
the trap so indicated. He shall also use his best endeavors to 
conceal from a shooter at the score the trap *at is to be puOed 
for him. The contestants in a match may appoint a judge, \Uio 
shall be entitled to see that the puller pul s the traps as indicated 
Should the puller not pull in accordance with the mdicator he shall 
be removed and another puller substituted. 
SectTon 2. All traps must be filled before the shooter calls 
"Pt^ll" Should a trap be left unfilled, and should one of the 
.contestants fire at a bird from one of the other traps, and kill it. 
sSch bfrd shall be declared a "no bird," but if he miss it it shall 
%ttiont u''ZXnon. bird be liberated when shooting at 
single birds, the shooter may call "no bird," but he shoots the 
3t shall be scored. Both barrds must be fired at the same 
bird if the second barrel is required. . ^i 
Section 4 The shooter, when he is at his score ready to shoot 
shall eive the caution, "Are you ready?" to the puller, who shall 
answef bick "Readv.'' The shooter shall then call "Pull" clearly 
ISrdisSly. Should the trap be pulled without the proper 
word being Sverror should it not be pulled promptly after the 
word has beSi given, the shooter may accept the bird or not, but 
if he fires the result must be scored. 
Section 5 The puller shall not pull the trap until the trapper 
and the dog (if one be used for retrieving fead birds) are back 
in their places, even should the shooter call Full. 
RULE 5.-ARRANGEMENT OF TRAVS. 
All matches shall be shot from five ground traps, placed 5yds. 
antrt Tn the segment of a circle. The radius of the circle shall 
bfaOyds., and tf? central point of that circle shall be the 30yd^ 
score (or mark). All other scores of a less distance shall be 
measured from this point along an imaginary line drawn directly 
4^ward No 3 trap; for distances greater Uian 30yds the imaginary 
UnTabove mentioned shall be continued behind the 30yds. score, 
a^d the disSnces marked off on it. The traps shall be numbered 
from lift to right. No. 1 being the trap on the extreme left and 
No 5 the trap on the extreme right. . , i t 
Wote -A ground trap is one that lies flat with the surface of 
the ground v^«i open, and gives the bird its natural flight when 
starting.) mJL.E 6.-THE RISE. 
In all events, unless otherwise stated, the rise shall be: 30yds. 
for 10-bore guns; 28yds. for 12-bore guns; 26yds. for 14 and 16-bore 
guns; 25yds. for 20-bore guns. 
RULE 7.-B0UNDARY. 
Section 1. The boundary for both single and double bird shoot- 
ing shah be a segment of a circle, 50yds. in diameter and a dead 
line. The circle shall be drawn from the center trap, it shall 
erminate where it joins the dead line on each side of the shoots s 
score. The dead line, unless otherwise provided fo/ hy Oie 
management shall be a line drawn at a distance of 33yds. from 
Se clnto trap, and at right angles to a liiie drawn from the 
shooter's score to the center trap. , , , ^ , ^ •„ ^-u^ 
Section 2. When a boundary is marked by stakes set in the 
ground or by flags, or by any other method not showing a 
Snuous segment of a ciixle, the boundary shall be considered 
to be imaginary straight lines drawn from each of such stakes 
or flags to the one nearest it on either side. 
Section 3. Should any portion of the bird be o.n,,the Ime or 
touching it, such bird shall be declared a "dead bird and shall 
be scored as such. (This section does not apply, wh^e-re the 
boundary line is marked by a fence or strip of wire netting.) 
A bird once over the fence or outside the wire netting is a 
" siction^ When the boundary line is marked by a fence or wire 
netting, a bird shall be scored a "lost bird" when it reaches 
the top of that fence or wire netting and perches on it. (It shall 
not be necessary for the bird to close its wmgs after reachmg the 
top of such fence and perching on it before being declared a lost 
bird.") A bird once over the boundary is a lost bird. 
RULE 8.-BIRDS REFUSING TO FLY. 
Section 1. When a bird refuses to fly on the trap being pulled, 
such artificial means as may be provided by the management 
for that purpose may be used to start it by direction of the 
referee A bird hit with a missile or held by the trap shall be 
declared a "no bird" by the referee.. The shooter may declare a bird 
that refuses to fly when the trap is pulled a no bird. 
Section 2. A bird that has been "on the wing" cannot be called 
a "no bird" by the shooter, but he may fire at it on the ground 
with the intention of makmg it a ''no bird." If the bird ^ so 
fired at is gathered within bounds, it shall be declared a no 
bird " but if it escapes after being fired at, it shall be declared a 
"lost bird " (A referee should always, in doubtful cases, iniorm 
the shooter whether the bird has been "on the wing" or not.) 
Section 3. It shall be the referee's duty at all times to call 
"no bird" when, in his opinion, such bird is incapable of proper 
flight, whether it has been "on the wing" or not. He shall also 
call all birds that walk in 1yd. from the trap toward the shooter s 
score "no bird," whether they have been ' on the wing or not. 
All birds called "no birds." by the referee shall not be charged 
against the shooter. 
RULE 9.-GATHERING BIRDS. 
A bird to be scored dead must be gathered within bounds 
before another bird is shot at, and within two minutes' time 
after it has touched the ground, by a dog or by the shooter, or 
by any person appointed by the shooter for that purpose. No 
extraneous means shall be used in gathering the bird, and only 
one person shall be allowed to gather any bird. If the gatherer 
cannot locate the bird he may be directed to its location by the 
referee or some person whom the referee shall appoint for that 
purpose. Where a dog is used for retrieving birds, if the dog 
cannot locate the bird the time limit shall not be considered to 
hwve commenced until the referee has directrd the handler of the 
dog to call the dog in. Then, as soon as the dog has retamed 
to his handler, the shooter or some person designated by him 
shall go to gather the bird, and the time limit of two minutes 
shall commence from the time the dog returned to its handler. 
In case of a dog "pointing," the referee shall have power to send 
a man to gather the bird, and to extend the time limit. 
RULE 10.— BIRDS KILLED ON THE GROUNDS. 
A bird killed on the gpround with a first barrel is a "no bird." 
A bij d may be killed on the ground with the second barrel, if 
the first barrel is fired while the bird is on the wing. If a bird 
is shof at on the ground with the first barrel, he may use his second 
barrel, but such bird, if gathered, is a "no bird"; if lost it is a 
"lost bird." 
RULE 11.— MUTILATING BIRDS. 
No mutilation of birds shall be allowed. If it is proved to the 
referee that any contestant or agent of his has violated this rule 
or is a party to such violation the referee shall declare all the 
rights of such contestant in the match to be forfeited. 
RULE 12.— OUT OF BOUNDS. 
A bird once out of bounds is a "lost bird." Should, however, 
the boundary be marked by a fence and a bird escape through any 
opening in that fence, it shall be a "no bird," if in the opinion 
of the referee it could not have flown over. The word "Opening" 
shall be taken to mean any opening, whether permanent or 
otherwise. 
RULE 13.-BIRDS SHOT AT BY ANOTHER PERSON. 
If a bird that has been shot at by a shooter shall be shot at 
by another man^before it has been out of bounds, the referee shall 
decide whether in his opinion such shooting has deprived the 
man at the score of a bird that might have been scored as a 
"dead bird"; if he is of such opinion it shall be declared "no 
bird," and the shooter shall be allowed another bird; if he 
is not of such opinion, it shall be declared a "lost bird." 
RULE 14.— SHOOTING FROM A SCORE OTHER THAN 
THE PROPER ONE. 
If any shooter shoots at a distance nearer than his proper 
score, the bird, if killed is a "no bird," but if lost it is a "lost 
bird." But if the shooter should shoot at any distance exceeding 
his proper score, the bird if missed shall be a "lost bird"; if 
killed it shall be a "dead bird"; but should the shooter, by direc- 
tion of the referee or scorer, shoot at any distance greater than 
his proper score, the bird it killed shall be a "dead bird," but 
if lost a "no bird." 
RULE 15.— SIMULTANEOUS DISCHARGE OF BOTH 
BARRELS. 
If, in shooting at a bird, both barrels should be simultaneously 
discharged, it shall be called a "no bird," whether killed or 
missed. [It should be understood that the word "simultaneous" 
covers the case in which the discharge of one barrel "jars off" 
the other barrel.] 
RULE 16.— SHOOTING OUT OF TURN. 
Should a shooter shoot out of turn, the result of the shot shall 
■ be scored, provided he has otherwise complied with the rules 
governing the match. A referee may;, whenever he deems it 
advisable for the purpose of saving time, call up any shooter 
to the score, whether it be such shooter's turn to shoot or not. 
RULE 17.— POSITION OF THE GUN. 
Any the shooter may adopt. 
RULE 18.— LOADS. 
The charge of powder shall be unlimited. The charge of shot 
shall not exceed VAoz., any standard measure, struck. Any 
shooter using a larger quantity of shot shall forfeit his entrance 
money and rights in the match. If, however, the management 
is of the opinion that the shooter has not willfully violated this 
rule, it may return to him his entrance money, provided it obtain 
Ihe unanimous consent of all the contestants. 
RULE 19.-CALIBER AND WEIGHT OF GUN. 
No gun of larger caliber than a 10-bore shall be used. Weight 
of gun unlimited. 
RULE 20.— LOADING GUNS. 
Cartridges must not be placed in the gun until after the 
shooter is at the score. Cartridges must be removed from the 
gun before the shooter leaves the score. If any shooter, after 
being warned by the referee, shall continue to violate this rule, 
the referee is empowered to declare all such shooter's rights in 
the mJitch to be forfeited. 
RULE 21.— LEAVING THE SCORE. 
Section 1. A shooter having fired his first barrel and left the 
score cannot return to the score to fire his second barrel. 
Section 2. A shooter having fireti his first barrel, and having 
opened his gun, cannot close his gun again for the purpose of 
firing his second barrel. 
RULE 22.— GUN NOT COCKED. 
If the gun is not cocked or the safety not properly adjusted 
and the bird escapes, it shall be scored a "lost bird." ' 
RULE 23.— MISFIRES. 
Section 1. Whenever a cartridge misfires or apparently mis- 
fires, the shooter must on no account open his gun, but shall 
hand it to the referee for his inspection, and it shall be the 
referee's duty to try both triggers without having previously 
opened the gun for the purpose of cocking it. Should the 
cartridge which the shooter says has misfired be exploded, the 
bird shall be declared a "lost bird." If a shooter opens his gun 
before handing it to the referee, the bird shall be declared a 
"lost bird." 
Section 2. Misfires with Right Barrel. — If the shooter's gun 
misfires with the right barrel, and he does not fire the second 
barrel, he shall be allowed another bird. But if the shooter's 
gun misfires with the first barrel and he uses the second barrel 
and misses the bird such bird must be scored a "lost bird," but 
if the hkd be killed with the second barrel while on the wing, it 
shall be scored a "dead bird." 
Section 3. If a misfire occurs with the second barrel, the 
shooter shall have another bird, using a full charge of powder 
only in the first barrel. He must, howeyer, put the gun to 
his shoulder and discharge the blank cartridge in the direction 
of the bird, and the bird must be on the wing when such blank 
cartridge is discharged. 
RULE 24.— FAILURE TO EXTRACT IN A REPEATING 
SHOTGUN. 
When a shell cannot be extracted from the chamber of a re- 
peating shotgun for either of the following reasons, the shooter 
shall be allowed another bird, as provided in Section 3 of Rule 
23: 1. When the brass head of the shell pulls away from the paper, 
preventing the reloading of the chamber from the magazine. 
2. When the extractor, although in apparently good condition, 
fails to extract the empty shell from the chamber. 
(N. B. — Nothing in this rule shall be construed as empowering 
the referee to allow another bird if he is satisfied that the shooter 
is using reloaded ammunition.) 
RULE 25.— SHOOTER AT THE SCORE. 
In all contests the shooter must be at the score within three 
minutes after his name has been called for him to shoot or he 
forfeits his rights in the match. 
RULE 26.— BALK. 
If a shooter is distinctly balked or interfered with by any op- 
ponent or a spectator, or by the trapper, whether by accident 
or design, or if there be any other similar reason why it should 
be done, the referee may allow him another bird, but the "balk" 
should be very palpable to be allowed by the referee. 
RULE 27.— ANNOUNCING SCORE. 
The referee shall announce the result of each shot distinctly, 
and it shall be called back by the scorer. At the close of each 
shooter's score the result must be announced, and if claimed to 
be wrong, the error, if any, must be corrected at once. 
RULE 28.— TIE SHOOTING. 
All lies shall be shot off at the original distance and as soon 
after the close of the match as practicable, at the following num- 
ber of birds: In matches of 10 birds or less, at 3 birds; in 
matches of 11 to 25 birds, inclusive, at 5 birds; in matches of 
26 to 50 birds, inclusive, at 10 birds; in matches of 51 to 100 birds, 
inclusive, at 25 birds. If in a series of matches the result be a 
tie, such ties shall be shot off at the original number of birds. 
RULE 29.— CLASS SHOOTING. 
All shooting shall be class shooting unless otherwise stated. 
(Class shooting provides that all shooters tied for first place shall 
receive their pro rata share of first money; all shooters tied for 
second place shall receive their pro rata share of second moaey; 
all those tied for third place, etc.) Any shooter in a tie for either 
of the moneys may withdraw his pro rata share of that money 
unless the programme prescribes that all ties shall be shot off. 
RULE 30.— BIRDS RETRIEVED BY DOGS. 
When a dog is used to retrieve dead birds the bird shall be 
scored a "dead bird" when the dog has had it in his mouth; 
if a man retrieves, the bird shall be scored a "dead bird" when 
he has had it in his hands. 
RULE 31.— DOGS ESCAPING FROM HANDLER. 
Should a dog that is being used for retrieving escape from the 
handler^ or be let go before the shooter has opened his gun or 
called ' Dog," and the bird escapes from within the boundary, the 
shooter may have another bird, provided the referee is of the 
opinion that the bird would have been gathered within the time 
limit if the dog had not been so released or escaped from its 
handler. 
RULE 32.— SHOOTER TO CALL MAN OR DOG. 
The shooter after firing must call "Man" or "Dog"; should he 
fail to do so, the opening of his gun shall be considered as a signal 
by the handler to let the dog go. 
RULE 33.— BIRD LOST THROUGH NEGLIGENCE OF 
SHOOTER. 
If the shooter advances to the mark and orders the trap to be 
pulled and does not shoot at the bird, or his gun is not properly 
loaded, or does not go oif owing to his own negligence, the bird 
must be scored as a '"lost bird." 
RULE 34.— SHOOTER'S FEET AT THE SCORE. 
The shooter's feet shall be behind his shooting mark until after 
his gun is discharged. 
RULE So.-END ANGERING PERSON OR PROPERTY. 
If a bird shall fly so that to shoot at it would endanger any 
person or property, it shall not be ghot at, and the referee shall 
allow another bird. 
RULE 36.— FORBIDDEN SHOOTING. 
No shooting shall be permitted within the inclosure other than 
at the score; and in case there is no inclosure, no shooting 
shall be permitted within 200yds. of the score, except by those at 
the .scojje, without the consent of the management. 
RULE 37.— UNFINISHED MATCHES. 
In case of darkness or unfavorable conditions of weather 
putting a stop to a match before it has been finished, such match 
shall be caiTied over to some date within two weeks of the date 
of the match, to be mutually agreed upon by the parties to the 
match. Should the parties to the match fail to agree upon date 
the referee shall name date and hour for continuing the match. 
Such date and hour to be within the prescribed limits. Either 
of the parties failing to appear on the date and at the hour set 
shaO be adjudged loser of the match and shall forfeit all his 
rights in the same. 
RULE 38.-MAKING CLAIMS UNDER THE RULES. 
All claims under the rules must be made before the succeeding 
shot has been fired. 
The Handicap Committee. 
New York, Feb. %.—EdUor Forest and Stream: The Interstate 
Association has appointed the following committee to award handi- 
caps for the Grand American Handicap of 1899, which takes place 
at Elkwood Park, N.. J.. April 11-13 next: Jacob Pentz, Bernard 
Waters, New York city;. Will K. Park, Philadelphia, Pa.; W. R 
Hobart, Newark, N. J.; Hon. T. A. Marshall, Keithsburg 111 ; 
T. A. Divine, Memphis, Tenn.; Elmer E. Shaner, Pittsburg, Pa. 
The committee will meet- at the Astor House, New York city 
on Thursday, April 6, two days after the closing of entries. ' 
Edw.4kd Banks, 
Secretary-Treasurer. 
lnmer§ to ^amBfimtd^nh. 
No notice taken of anonymous conunnnlcations. 
C. E.^ S., Schenectady, N. Y.— For cocker spaniels address New- 
castle Kennels', Brookline, Mass. 
H. A., New York. — Can you inform us where we can purchase 
bull pups? Ans. See reply to G. E. T., Baltimore. 
R- Wallingford, Conn.— In respect to the address of breeders 
of Great Danes see answer to similai- query in this department. 
C. A. D., Welch, W. Va.— Please furnish me with the address 
of breeders of bull terriers. Ans. See answer to G. E. T., Balti- 
more. 
Sinnaker.— Mr. Chas. Hallock writes: "I don't know what a 
sinnaker bear is, unless it is negro for cinnamori. But the Hyde 
county bears are jet black in prime coat." Can any reader give 
us the meaning of the word "sinnaker" as applied to bears in 
North Carolina? 
C. Ay, Atlanta. — The rules governing the Grand American Handi- 
cap will be published in Forest and Stream next week. The 
programme will not be ready before March 1. We have no 
knowledge of any arrangement for reduced rates with the rail- 
roads. Address, Mr. Edward Banks, Secretary-Treasurer. In- 
terstate Association, 318 Broadway, New York. 
Flying Fish. — Can you inform me as to the maximum size wliich 
flying fish attain? I have a pair of wings which I cut from a 
fish which flew on board ship in which I was a passenger. They 
measured on the fish full 17in., tip to tip, and the fish almost 
exactly the same length. Is this large or only ordinary? Ans. 
The Atlantic flying fish in West Indian waters attains a length of 
nearly a foot, and a breadth between wing tips of Uin. 'The 
California species attains a length of 16in. to 17in. 
G. E. T., Baltimore, Md.— Will you give me the address of 
several parties who have high-bred beagles, for sale? Ans. We 
regret that we cannot give you definite information on the sub- 
ject. When breeders neglect to keep us informed in respect to 
the stock they have for sale, we are without the necessary in- 
formation concerning it. 
Aquarium.— It has been suggested that you will be able to decide 
some points as below outlined, and would be obliged if you would 
answer same in your next issue: 
First is, that there are more varieties of fish off New York 
(meaning possibly within a radius of fifty miles) than there are 
off the city of Naples, Italy. 
Second is, that there are 100 more varieties lower class fish in 
the Naples aquarium than there are in the New York Aquarium. 
Third is, that there are more varieties in the Bay of Naples 
of fish not here than there are varieties here of fish not there. 
Ans. The first proposition must be answered in the negative. 
By the term "off New York" we understand that marine fishes 
are to be considered. The number of kinds of marine fishes re- 
corded from Long Island and the adjacent waters is 200. Naples, 
according to the most recent catalogue by Dr. Carus, has 310 
species of fishes. The fish fauna of the Mediterranean is marvel- 
ously rich, and the Bay of Naples is merely an arm of the Mediter- 
ranean. 
The second statement is correct if by "lower class fish" be in- 
tended the shellfish, crustaceans, starfish and their allies, sponges, 
corals, and numerous othei- animals without backbone, which in- 
habit the Bay of Naples, and may be found in the catalogue of the 
Naples aquarium. The New York Aquarium has published no 
catalogue, and its collections are not labeled, but it does not con- 
tain a large number of kinds of the lower forms of marine life 
as compared with the aquarium at Naples. 
The third proposition is true— the Bay of Naples contains a far 
greater variety of fishes than the whole coast of Long Island 
and adjacent waters, and there are comparatively few kinds that 
are common to the two contrasted regions. 
PUBLISHERS' DEPARTMENT. 
The Osgood Folding Boat Co., of Battle Creek, Michigan, whose 
advertisement is found in another column, were one of the first 
concerns in the country to make folding boats, and the product oi 
their factory has been found on many waters. The rapid and wide 
extension of this business is a remarkable feature of the use of 
canoes in this country, where the canvas boat now threads all 
the waters on which the birch canoe of the savage used to paa*.-— 
Ado. 
