FOKEBT AMD STREAM. 
there 'n' back, does it?" asked, t:he boy, as we watclied 
the blinking stars come out one by one and hang glittering 
in the blue-black dome of old Inj^an Kara, the pile that 
had been named by the Sioux in the name of "a mountain 
within a. mountain." , El Comancho. 
Hunting Moose with the Camera. 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
As the season for hunting moose in Maine has been 
cut down to such a short one of late years very fe.v 
people are able to go tliere in the liunting season. A gootl 
deal of fun, however, may be obtained, in trying to get 
some snap shot pictures of moose. This is not so very 
difficult in July and August, for at this season of the 
A^ear the moose are very tame, for they do not hear 
the reports of rifles, nor see so many people as in October. 
This is the season when they like to wade out into the 
lake, to eat the pond lily leaves, which lie on the surface 
of the water. When they are occupied in this fashion a 
person can frequently paddle up between the moose and 
the shore, and drive it into the lake, where it is compara- 
tively easy to take several good snap shots. 
We had been encamped for several days on Eagle Lake, 
a small sheet of water in the northern part of Maine, but 
owing to the unpleasant weather we had seen hut a few 
deer. At last, however, a sunny day came, and early in 
the morning my friend and I, with the two guides, jumped 
into our canoes and set off in search of something to 
photograph. We paddled down the lake about two miles 
and saw no signs of any game. Just as we reached the 
lake's outlet, however, we happened to turn around, and 
there, about half a mile from us on the opposite side of 
the lake was a cow moose. She had her back turned to 
us, and as a stiff breeze was blowing from her direction 
the guides thoitght that we ought to get pretty close, be- 
fore being discovered. 
We all began to paddle hard, but when we had ap- 
proached within about looyds., my friend and I put down 
our paddles and took up our cameras. 
The guides meanwhile paddled the canoes slowly for- 
ward until within a few yards of the moose, when .she 
suddenly turned toward us; but it was too late, for we 
were already between her and the mainland. Without 
any hesitation she hurried off into the water. A long sand 
bar stretches out into the lake at this point for half a 
mile, and as a moose cannot travel very fast in water up 
to its, haunches, we soon caught up to her. After fifteen 
niinutes of chasing and picture-taking the poor animal 
became so tired that we let her go ashore, where she soon 
disappeared in the bushes, and was lost to our view. The 
pictures will give a clear idea of the different positions of 
the moose, as the canoe gradually approached her. 
S. B. Chittenden, Jr. 
Butler's Birds of Indiana. 
Mr. Amos W. Butler's Birds of Indiana, while pub- 
lished as a part of the report of the State of Indiana for 
1897, is really much more than it purports to be. The 
author calls it "a descriptive catalogue of the birds that 
have been observed within the State, with an account 
of their habits." As a matter of fact it is an ornithology 
of Indiana, covering 321 species, to which is added a 
hypothetical list of 81 species, most of which may rea- 
sonably be expected to occur within the State, because 
they have been taken in neighboring States or because 
their known range seems to include Indiana. There are 
some species, however, in this hypothetical list, which 
having been found in neighboring States only as acci- 
dental stragglers, are hardly to be considered as possible 
Indiana birds. 
The present work is an enlargement of Mr. Butler's 
"Catalogue of the Birds of Indiana," published in 1890, 
brought down to date by the insertion of additions made 
since his previous work was published and also ex- 
panded by considerable new material bearing on the 
habits of Indiana birds. Descriptions of the species are 
given, as well as a number of artificial keys taken from 
Mr. Ridgway's "Manual of North American Birds," and 
also from Jordan's "Manual of Vertebrates" and Coues' 
"Key to North American Birds." In fact, Mr. Butler 
has reached out in all directions, to gather material which 
should make a present catalogue as complete as possible, 
and besides the literature consulted, he gives a long list 
of zoologists whose individual assistance he acknowl- 
edges. 
The author's experience with the birds of Indiana 
has extended over many years, and his familiarity with 
its avifauna is great. He is therefore well qualified to 
write about the birds of the State a volume which shall 
be not only useful to the ornithologist, but interesting 
and valuable to the popular reader as well, who, in 
these days when the true relations of birds to agri- 
culture are beginning to receive attention, is anxious to 
learn more and moi^e about them. 
Mr. Butler's introduction treats of the physiographic 
characteristics of his State, and deals also with certain 
general conditions which influence ^he movements and 
the abundance of birds. He follows his introduction 
by several pages of bibliography of Indiana ornithology, 
and then come his keys to orders and families. Keys 
to the genera are found under the family titles, and those 
of the species under the generic titles. Then follows the 
name of the species, its description, range, nesting 
habits, and more or less material concerning its ways 
of life, with especial reference to its sojourn in the au- 
thor's State. The volume is illustrated by many cuts, 
of which the greater number are taken from the various 
publications of the Department of Agriculture through 
the kindness of Dr. Merriam, while others are from 
Coues' "Key to North American Birds." 
Throughout the volume Mr. Butler keeps always 
clearly in mind, and before the reader, the usefulness of 
most of our birds to the farmer, and urges their proper 
protection. His work is extremely interesting and can- 
not fail to be useful. 
New York Audubon Society.' 
Several women among those who attended the an- 
nual meeting of the Audubon Society of this State in the 
lecture hall of the American Museum of Natural History 
yesterday morning- wore birds' wings and feathers on 
their hats, although sentiments condemning the destruc- 
tion of birds were applauded with marked unanimity. 
In the absence of the President, Morris K. Jesup, Mr. 
Chapman presided, and made a brief statement, based on 
the society's records for the past year. The treasurer's 
statement showed a balance on hand of $tii. Mr. Chap- 
man said that the work of the society was dependent 
largely on voluntary contributions of money, and he 
made an appeal for such contributions. 
The following letter from Gov. Roosevelt was read: 
My Dear Mr. Chapman: I need hardly say how hear- 
tily I sympathize with the purpose of the Audubon Soci- 
ety. I would like to see all harmless wild things, but 
especially all birds, protected in every way. I do not 
understand how any man or woman who really loves 
nature can fail to try to exert all influence in support of such 
objects as those of the Audubon Society. Spring would 
not be spring without bird songs any more than it wou'.ri 
be spring without buds and flowers, and I only wish that, 
besides protecting the songsters, the birds of the grove, 
the orchard, the garden, and the meadow, we could also 
protect the birds of the seashore and of the wilderness. 
The loon ought to be, and under wise legislation could 
be a feature of every Adirondack lake; ospreys, as every 
one knows, can be made the tamest of the tame; the terns 
should be as plentiful along our shores as swallows 
around our barns. A tanager or a cardinal makes a point 
of glowing beauty in the green woods, and the cardinal 
among the white snows. When the bluebirds were so 
nearly destroyed by the severe winter a few seasons ago 
the loss was like the loss of an old friend, or, at least, like 
the burning dowm of a familiar and dearly beloved house. 
How immensely it would add to otir forests if only the 
great logcock were still found among them. 
The destruction of the wild pigeon and the Carolina 
paraquet has meant a loss as severe as if the Catskills or 
the Palisades were taken away. When I hear of the de- 
struction of a species I feel just as if all the works of some 
great writer had perished; as if we had lost all instead of 
only a part of Polybius of Livy. Very truly yours, 
Theodore Roosevelt. 
The Rev. Dr, Henry Van Dyke sent a letter, in which 
he said: "The sight of an aigrette fills me with a feeling 
of indignation and pity, and the skin of a dead song bird 
stuck on the hat of a tuneless woman makes me hate 
the barbarism which lingers in our so-called civilization." 
Mme. Lilli Lehmann was introduced as "a distin- 
guished and loyal friend of the birds." She from time to 
time smilingly appealed to the audience to supplj-^ the 
proper English word to express her obvious meaning, 
but no difficulty was experienced in following her dis- 
course. ' ' : 
Mme. Lehmann said that every person could do some- 
thing toward protecting the birds. They could teach 
themselves and their children what humanity meant, and 
how much of human interest and loveliness there was in 
bird life. To be of service in this cause men and women 
must feel a sympathy for the birds. Their whole hearts 
and souls must be in the work.- A very important thing 
was for all persons and societies interested in the cause to 
unite and work together. In that way their efforts would 
be most effective. In Europe there were many societies 
for the protection of the birds, and they all worked in 
harmony. Any person could become a member of these 
societies upon the payment of a nominal sum, equivalent 
to 2 or 3 cents. Their main purpose was to enlist all 
kinds of people in the movement for the protection of 
birds. 
"I am sorry to learn," said Mme. Lehmann, "that there 
are no places in Central Park expressly for the purpose 
of feeding birds. I have eight places in my gardens 
where the birds may come and be fed, and they get just 
what they like." 
Mnje. Lehmann had prepared the following "appeal to 
w;omen," which she desired the officers of the society to 
circulate as widely as possible: "I beg all women and 
girls not to wear birds or birds' feathers on their hats 
any more. Every year 25,000,000 of useful birds are 
slaughtered by this terrible folly. The farmers are al- 
ready suffering from it, and women enjoy wearing feath- 
ers like savages. Flowers and ribbons are a thousand 
times more beautiful and more becoming.. It is the duty 
of every woman and man to battle against this gruesome 
folly. For years my hats have had no feathers." 
Prof. Albert S. Bickmore, curator of the Department 
of Public Instruction, exhibited a series of stereoscopic 
pictures of birds, such as are furnished by him to the nor- 
mal schools in this State. During his address Mr. Chap- 
man interjected a statement that the widespread use of the 
quills of the brown pelican for hat trimmings was fast 
bringing about the extinction of that .species. 
Morris K. Jesup was re-elected president, and nearly 
all of the other officers of the society were also re-elected 
unanimously. — New York Times, March 24. 
Migration Routes 
Editor Forest and Stream : 
Many writers and observers of birds have commented 
on the spring and fall routes of migration. It is stated on 
various and apparently indisputable authority that birds go 
north along the coast in the spring and south by inland 
routes. Is it true that the inland route is taken because the 
birds dread fast wind storms from the North and West, 
which would drive them over the ocean and to destruc- 
tion? 
Incidentally the introduction of migratory European 
species to Eastern parts of the United States seems to be 
a foolish proceeding, considering that the birds, seeking 
a winter residence, find themselves over the trackless and 
merciless ocean the day after the first long night jour- 
ney. Have European birds been taken to the Missis^ 
sippi Valley and freed? 
It seems to be a fact that birds of a species arrive in 
Central Park, Manhattan, anywhere from a week to a 
month earlier than in Prospect Park. 
Raymond S. Spears. 
The Loon's Flight^ 
Proctor Knott., Minn. — Editor Forest and Stream: I 
have noticed what two of your correspondents say in 
regard to the flight of the loon. My observations not only 
agree with Mr. Sawyer's, but carry me a step further, and 
have led me to believe that a loon cannot rise from the 
water unless aided by a pretty good breeze used as a head 
wind, 
1 have shot at loons a great many times on the lakes of 
northern Wisconsin, and on Lake Superior, and have 
never known them to attempt to escape from danger un- 
less there was a wind of which they could take advantage 
in their attempts to rise. I femember once, in com- 
pany with my brother, trying to secure a loon as a speci- 
men for mounting. The bird was in a lake about three- 
fourths of a mile long and about 200yds. wide in its nar- 
rowest part. My brother was secreted at one end of the 
lake, and I in a canoe kept the bird in motion, trying to 
get it within range of my brother's gun, and giving it a shot 
whenever a chance offered. Although harried for two or 
three hours, it never once attempted to rise from the 
water. There was a slight breeze, rf I mistake not, but 
not enough to be of any use in the loon's attempt to escape 
by flight. During the chase the loon swam a distance of 
200yds. or more under water, repeatedly, without appear- 
ing above the surface. Lake Stiperior fishermen tell me 
they have caught them in their nets at great depths. 
Among those with whom I have talked on the subject, it 
is believed that a loon cannot rise from the water without 
the aid of a wind blowing directly opposite to the line of 
flight. 
I was interested in Mr. Bignell's statement. What a 
storehouse of loiowledge of natural history one can get 
by a constant reading of Forest and Stream. 
• J. W. G. 
Cats, Too. 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
In the collection of bear stories from the Sportsmen's 
Show, published in Forest and Stream of this week, 
I notice a curious misprint. 
Speaking of McKenney's bears, the article says — ^the 
scene of the incident was in the "beater piece," lying 
in the angle between the West Branch and Gardnahunk 
Stream. This shoifld read "heater piece." The term was 
common in early times in New England. It often ap- 
pears in old papers, and was applied to triangular sec- 
tions of land on account of their supposed resemblance 
to the household f]at-iron. 
As an admirer of Mr. Mather's writings, I hope that 
the off-shore stakes of the potind-net are well set; the 
Major is in for heavy weather, sure. Reason, instinct 
and heredity will all be after him. T agree with Hermit 
that heredity should be substituted for instinct, as in the 
case of young chickens scratching a board floor; but 
permit me to tell a cat story. A family cat became the 
proud mother of a large litter, and in a thoughtless 
moment the whole litter was ordered destroyed. The 
old cat's condition soon becoming uncomfortable by the 
pressure of the milk, she secured relief be cornering a 
half-grown cat, surviving member of a former litter, and 
making him take the place and duties of the late family. 
The substitute did not do his work willingly and was 
frequently cuffed into a proper sense of his maternal 
obligations. Did the old cat show reasoning power or 
only instinct? A. C. Stott. 
Stottville, N. Y. 
Eyes which sec Big* 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
The other day a man spoke in my presence about a 
certain real or fancied peculiarity of the eye of certain 
animals, which, he said, caused the eye to dilate when the 
animal is subjected to sudden fright, thus transforming 
the pupil of the eye int'n a magnifying glass of high 
power. "Why," he said; "if a wildcat frightens a horse, 
his eyes enlarge so that the wildcat looks to him as big 
as a tiger." I have quit saying I don't believe things 
just because I never heard of them before, but, now, 
what do you think of this? I can imagine a man of the 
stone age telling this sort of tale to his offspring, the 
while their prehistoric littL eyes grew wide with won- 
der and amaze; and then, when they ran out of the cave 
to play, I see him looking over at the old lady and smil- 
ing. George Ivennedy. 
Securi'iv Building, St. T^ouis, Mo. 
Age Attained by Birds* 
We are often asked how long different species of birds 
live, but there is little definite information to be had on 
the subject. Recently Mr. J. H. Gurney, in a paper in 
the Ibis has brought together a number of statements on 
this subject, and discusses this at some length. Mr. 
Dresser, in his "Birds of Europe," gives an instance of a 
raven having lived sixty-nine years. Mr. Meade- Waldo 
has in captivity a pair of eagle owls (Bubo maximus), 
one of which is sixty-eight and the other fifty-three j'-ears 
old. Since 1864 these birds have bred regularly, and have 
now reared ninety-three young ones. A Bateleur eagle 
and a condor in the Zoological Gardens at Amsterdam 
are still alive at the respective ages of fifty-five and fifty- 
two. An imperial eagle of the age of fifty-six, a golden 
eagle of forty-six and a sea eagle of forty-two, and many 
other birds of the age of forty downward are also 
recorded. 
Wild Ducks in Captivity. 
Mallards and black ducks, as well as Canada geese, have 
been hatched under tame ducks, and have taken to the 
barnyard habits of their foster mothers without fear or 
distrust of man; still it is safe to pinion the first_ genera- 
tion with scissors, as described. It is my opinion that 
both the blue and green-winged teal may be as easily 
domesticated; but, the early domesticat©rs of beasts and 
birds looked entirely to utility, and so the smaller wildfowl 
were neglected. Taking the different ducks, which may 
be worth domesticating, I will give what I know concern- 
ing their dispositions, for they differ greatly; leaving 
out the mallard and black duck, which have been rnen- 
tioned. Fred Mather. 
