FOREST AND STREAM. 
[April i, 1899. 
New Brttnswick Trout. 
Fredericton, N. B., March 25.— Editor Forest and 
Stream: I have received a good manj^ letters lately from 
sportsmen inquiring about trout fishing in this Province. 
As the Legislature is now in session, and this is one of 
my busy times, perhaps you will permit me to answer all 
of' these inquiries very briefly through your columns. I 
cannot undertake, at this time, to enter into detail as to 
the almost innumerable streams in this Province where 
trout are numerous. They are also plentiful in nearly all 
the inland forest lakes. Perhaps there is no better trout 
fishing to be found in the world to-day than in many of 
the lakes and lesser streams at the headwaters of the 
Tobique (both right and left-hand branches), and the 
Nepisiguit. The fish run from 2 to 4 and slbs. Togue, or 
land-locked salmon are also plentiful in some of the.se 
lakes. July and August are the better months in which 
to come, as the mosquito is on the grounds Avith his 
spear in June. Parties wishing guides and canoes can 
write to George Armstrong, Perth Centre; Adam Moore, 
Scotch Lake, or Alex. Ogilvie, South Tilley, and feel per- 
fectly certain of receiving square treatment. Edwaid 
Norred, Boiestown, is an excellent man to write to if one 
desires fine trout fishing in the Rocky Brook and Sisters 
Lake region. 
By the way, I think I can settle this question as to how 
many cubs are produced by the female black bear. Henry 
Braithwaite says that the animal only breeds once in every 
two years; that as a rule the litter is composed of two 
or three cubs, though he caught a bear last spring that 
had four cubs with her. He says that he has found the 
new-born cvibs in January and also in March, showing 
that there is no regular mating season; also that he has 
seen plenty of undoubted evidence that the old bears, 
especially the males, frequently destroy their young. 
Henry knows. Frank H. Risteen. 
Lake Ontario Salmon. 
Rochester, N. Y., March 25.— Editor Forest and 
Stream: In the edition of March 18 Mr. Redmond gives 
some interesting information in regard to the former 
existence of salmon in the waters of Trondequoit and 
Braddocks bavs. 
In July or August of 1896, while fishing in one of the 
channels of Irondequoit, near the Float Bridge. I caught 
a fish weighing about 2lbs., with slate-colored back and 
silver underneath, said to be a salmon. He took a 4in. 
minnow, and was a strong fighter. I have not heard of 
one being caught since. Harry B. Martin. 
he Mmnet 
Fixtufes. 
BENCH SHOWS. 
April 4-7.— Boston, Mass.— New England Kennel Club's bench 
show. James Mortimer, Manager. ^ ^ ^, . o 
Nov. 22-24.— New York.— American Pet Dog Club s show. b. 
C. Hodge, Supt. 
Some Reasoning Dogs. 
"I HAD a funny experience to-day," remarked the 
Colossal Liar, as he made room for his feet near the 
cheerful camp-fire. The Story Teller pitched an armful 
of wood upon the blaze, while the Major said, stanng 
straight up into the clear sky, "Looks as though it 
might blow pretty soon." , j t 
"Yes, sir, the most funny experience I ever had; i 
went over to the httle pond (which, be it known, lay 
about a quarter of a mile behind our camp, in the woods), 
thinking that I might possibly get a few trout in there. 
I don't like this bass fishing, anyway; it's too dum lazy, 
paddling around in a boat all day, only making a cast 
now and then. You know where the little point juts 
out about two rods on the south side?" Nobody said a 
word. "Well, I thought I would stand out on that point, 
where I would have good, clear casting into the best 
water; if there were any trout in there, I wanted them. 
"I sat down at the edge of the woods, rigged my 
tackle, and then stepped out on the point. There is a 
strip of tall grass on the beach, and lookin over it I saw 
one of these 'ere long-legged cranes; he seemed to be 
asleep, and before I thought I swung my rod and made 
a lashing cast that carried the line whirling around his 
legs. He gave a wild screech of surprise, like a woman 
who has been caught bathing, and started to fiy. 
Then I realized what a scrape I was m. He tooK 
that line out faster than it ever reeled off before, and 
the first thing I knew he was at the end of his rope, and 
I was hanging on to that rod for dear life; it sprung and 
bent like a blade of grass, and for one blessed instant 
I thought the good old friend was a goner. Then old 
long-legs seemed to lose heart, for he fell with a splash 
into the water. Say! You never saw; such an exhibi- 
tion of ground and lofty swimming in your day and 
generation. He sputtered, and spluttered, and splashed 
around there, with sometimes his head out of water, and 
sometimes his heels, for a full ten minutes, and would 
have drowned, I guess, if I had not hauled him aohore, 
hand over hand. 
"He lay still on the sand for a second or two, and I 
began to consider what on earth to do with him. All at 
once he started off on a dead run along the beach, like 
a greyhound. Say! I laughed to see him go it; he put 
me in mind of Old Redoubtable, there, the day he ran 
afoul of the hornet's nest. The old idiot had somehow- 
got the line tangled around his legs and wings, so that 
he could not fly again; but the way he made three-toed 
tracks in the sand was a caution; and all the time he 
was yelling and squalling to frighten the devil. Of 
course, that fun could not last long; pretty soon the 
Ime caught around something solid and snapped, and 
away that fool bird ran faster than ever, and yelling like 
a scared dog; he's going yet, I know, and he won't stop 
to-night, either. Ha! ha! ha!" and the Colossal Liar 
threw back his head and made the woods ring with 
peal on peal of laughter, in which we all came in strong 
on the chorus. ^ - ^ 
"So of course you did not get any trout?" said the 
Story Teller. 
"Get any trout? Say! It was all I could do to get 
home; I had to stop every rod and laugh an hour over 
that performance. Ha! ha! ha!" 
Then the Inveterate Fisherman joiiied thef circle; he 
had just come in. "Say, old man," said he to the Liar, 
"I took your rod to-day; my tip needs splicing; but 
T knew you were off with your gun, and wouldn't use it. 
Hope you don't mind, especially as I brought home a 
few nice ones," 
The Colossal Liar straightened up with a Jerk; then, 
seeing some warlike preparations on the part of the 
Major, he suddenly had business away from the vicinity. 
"Cussed Ananias," remarked the latter, wrathfully, as 
he threw the club which he had seized upon the fire; 
"making me laugh till my sides are sore over a fool lie 
that did not come near enough to the truth to impose on 
an idiot." 
And out on the water a loon yelled in the moonrise, 
"Ha! ha! ha!" D. F. H. 
New Ypt!K. 
Dogs in Great Britain. 
Now our big New York .show is a thing of the past, 
having won the congratulations of all concerned, a glance 
at the report of the big show held by Mr. Crofts, at the 
Agricultural Hall, Islington, London, may reveal many 
interesting items to your readers. 
The show appears to have been successful even beyond 
former exhibitions, the attendance very great, the low 
cost of admission, sixpence only, between the hours of 
6 and 10 P. M., no doubt attracting the dog lovers of 
the humbler classes, who a're numerous over the water. 
The gross number of entries numbered 3.435, and 
among the classes we notice the. name of some breeds 
that are practically unknown among us. even by old 
fanciers, like myself, who left the other side in the days 
of our youth. 
• Griffons Bruxellois had 36 entries, but this dog is a 
stranger to me, and probably is to many 'others. I 
should say it is a small dog, as one class was for "not 
over slbs." 
Maltese had 17 entries, as many as the mastiffs, that 
grand old British dog. Airedale terriers, the breed that 
is just now interesting our terrier lovers, had 82 entries, 
and the class attracted much attention. 
Roseneath terriers, wdiatever they may be, had 16 en- 
tries. Whippets, 35, and one sohtary Clydesdale appears. 
This last is beyond me, but we must live and learn, and 
probably in a year or so we shall have a large class of 
Clydesdales in New York. The more the merrier. Who 
knew the points of a Boston terrier a few years back? 
Speaking of Boston terriers, Yankee Boy's win at New 
York was very pleasing to our Boston fanciers. 
Retrievers had 117 entries, and to judge from the sales 
columns in the London Stock-Keeper, the breed is very 
popular in England, and much used in the field. Of 
bull dogs, 166 entries show how much the breed is liked. 
Toy bull dogs had 60 entries, rose ears the rule. 
Collies, with 245 entries, were the largest class, and 
this breed is very popular. A good deal of discussion is 
going on over there of the matter of faking ears. 
Beagles were small in number, but the breed is highly 
esteemed, the sale of a pair for 100 guineas being men- 
tioned in the Stock- Keeper. Beagles under loin. seem 
to be growing in favor; indeed, all the small breeds have 
a boom, as they have classes for toy bull terriers. 
Elkhounds had 19 entries. What manufactured breed 
is this? Wombat. 
Boston, March, 1(599. 
Points and Flushes, 
The famous Irish setter Finglas, owned by Mr. W. L. 
Washington, died on March 25. He was one of the iui - 
portations from the kennels of Rev. Robert O'Callaghar.. 
He had some reputation as a field trial competitor, bui 
his chief reputation was founded on his long list of 
bench show winnings made at shows of importance in al- 
most every city east of the Rocky Mountains. He was 
by Fingal III out of Aveline. 
tdchting. 
The following, from the Kansas City Star, is much on 
a par with some of the expert testimony brought out by 
the sailing of Dominion last summer; 
Having read to her pupils a description of the sinking 
of the Merrimac, the teacher some days later asked them 
what the word "catamaran" then used meant. These are 
some of the answers : 
A catamaran is a mounting lion. 
The catamaran is a savage officer in the Fillipose 
Islands. 
A catamaran carries clubs in a golf game. 
A catamaran is the place in Chicago where the cat 
show was held. 
The catamaran was a convention hall prize. 
The catamaran is the proper name for a catboat and 
war ram together, like the Catadin. 
Hobson obtained a catamaran from the Spanish officers, 
which was all he had to eat. 
Gasolene Engines and Launches.— IV. 
BY F. K. GRAIN. 
{Continued fro7n fage 220, March 18.) 
Pitch of Propeller.— The pitch of a propeller wheel is 
the distance the wheel would travel during one revolu- 
tion if it were a screw working in a nut. For instance, if 
your wheel has a pitch to the blades of say 3oin„ it will 
travel that distance if revolved once, or if the wheel is 
held stationary fore and aft and revolved once as in a 
boat, it will move the boat 3oin. Of course, this is not 
making any allowance for slip. The slip of a propeller 
amounts to-, roughly, 15 per cent. , . , - 
Now we will assume that which is very true, which is 
that hardly any two boats of the same length, but of 
different form get the same results from the same wheel, 
and in a certain case the motor runs away vvdth the 
wheel. What is to be done? In most places increasing 
the pitch of the wheel will remedy the defect; but if it 
does not, a new wheel of larger diameter will have to 
be substituted. 
Then there are cases where, when sufficient pitch is 
given the wheel to get the proper speed, it slows down 
the motor, so that results are balanced. 
In such a case begin by cutting of? J-lin. from the ends 
of blades. Make a paper pattern so as to cut all alike. 
If then it does not work, another ^in. can be taken off. A 
good deal will have to be left to the judgment of the 
owner, as, of course, there are no set rules, and the 
cutting process cannot be done too extensively. We have 
seen wheels of i8in. diameter cut to isin., and one of 
36in. cut to 28in., and in both cases the speed of the boat; 
was increased about 25 per cent. 
It is a mistaken idea to suppose that you will increase 
the speed by attempting to overload your motor with 
wheel. It should be of a diameter and pitch that the 
tnotor will handle with ease. Some wheels will slip or 
race, and not take hold if started at once at or near full 
speed; in such cases the remedy being to start up slow 
and gradually bring the motor up to the desired speed. 
We have seen cases, especially in launches of 25ft. and 
under, where the wheel would continue to race no mat- 
ter how much the speed was varied. This is generally 
caused by the wheel being too close to the surface. The 
remedy is, after the motor is started to walk forward so 
as to throw the wheel out as far as possible. Then move 
quickly aft on to the stern, which will cause the boat to 
settle by the stern and the wheel will then take hold and 
keep itself down in solid water, unless too much weight is 
carried into the bow. 
In all cases have your wheel made of good hard bronze 
and be sure it is finished smooth all over, as the resistance 
of a roughly-finished wheel will spoil the best efforts of 
the designer. 
The next point to be considered is the number of blades 
you intend to use on your wheel. As commonly made, 
they are furnished two, three and four bladed. For small 
wheels at high speeds we safely leave out of consideration 
the four-bladed variety, for reasons too numerous to 
mention here. The three and two-bladed are the varieties 
mostly in use. When possible the three-bladed wheel 
gives the best all-round satisfaction, but the two will give 
in most cases equally as good results, excepting that there 
is without doubt more vibration from its use. Mostly all 
reversing wheels that feather their blades are made with 
but two blades, owing to the third blade complicating the 
reversing mechanism. By all means allow the builders 
of your motor to use their own judgment in furnishing 
the wheel, as they in most cases know the wheel that will 
produce the best average results. In event of their failing 
you can then experiment for yourself. 
Tools. — If not provided with proper tools, the following 
will be a good collection of useful and in fact indispensable 
tools. By all means buy the best and always carry them 
with you at all times, as there is no telling when you may 
need any or all of them : One Sin. Stillson pipe wrench ; 
one 12 or I4in. Stillson pipe wrench; one 10 monkey 
wrench ; one small monkey wrench ; one 6in. three-square 
file; one pair pliers; one sheet emery cloth; one ham- 
mer; one small roll asbestos paper; loft. copper wire. 
Hulls. — It is not our purpose to give minute instruc- 
tions for constructing a htril, but only a few points that 
will enable 3'ou to pick out or order built a craft that will 
be constructed in the proper manner. 
To begin with, your hull should have a good sound oak 
keel of ample size, set on edge, the stem to be of Hackma- 
tack natural crook, the sternpost of oak, allowing at least 
lin. of wood clear of each side of the shaft boss. The 
sternpost should be dove-tailed into the keel, and the over- 
hang, of oak, into the sternpost. The ribs should be of 
good young growth white oak, steam bent, and of good 
size, placed not further than i2in. apart from centers. 
Fastened to the keel and reaching up from 12 to i8in. on 
each rib should be a floor timber of natural crook wood 
securely fastened to the keel and the ribs. 
By all means have your boat planked with white cedar 
and as heavy as possible, as power boats have an inclina- 
tion to hog, or, in other words, to settle at the ends, there- 
fore, the fore and aft wood is the m&terial that will have 
to take this strain. White, yellow and cork pine, oak and 
cypress, are used for planking, but for boats of 50ft. good 
cedar will always be a favorite, it is light, tough, and 
very elastic, and under ordinary use will last a lifetime. 
Furthermore, it will not dry apart and stay apart like 
many other woods, and is therefore especially adapted 
for a boat that may lay ashore part of each year. 
Be sure the seams of your planking are hard up in- 
side and open sHghtly on the outside. When the seam 
is open inside it is what is called a hollow seam, and 
will not hold caulking of any kind. Such seams are 
caused by poor workmanship, and will always give trouble 
and in many cases, especially when under water and hid- 
den by flooring, are a source qf danger. 
The fastening of the planking should be copper nails, 
riveted on the outside over copper burrs, but in no case 
nails or tacks clinched down. At the ends of the plank- 
ing and in all places where a copper nail cannot be riveted 
over a burr, the proper thing is a good galvanized boat 
nail. Be sure all knots have been tested, and when one is 
loose, knocked out, and a white pine plug fitted in its place. 
If a check appears in the planking, which is quite liable to 
happen, especially in cedar, it should be carefully traced 
out to its limit, then bore at its end a J^in. hole and plug 
same with white pine. This will stop any check from 
running further. 
The planking should be carefully caulked with the best 
quality cotton, care being taken not to drive it through, 
also not to put it iii too tight, as many a good boat has 
been ruined and made leaky by too much and too hard 
caulking. As regards width of planking, narrow cer- 
tainly looks better, and in many cases enables the builders 
to secure a better finished surface, also lessening the 
liability to check, but on the other hand, rather diminishes 
than otherwise the strength of the boat, besides making 
more seams to look after and leaks. Personally, we pre- 
fer wide plankings, but when used and fastened with _ a 
copper nail on upper and lower edges, it should have in 
addition a galvanized boat nail between to prevent any 
tendency to buckle. ~J 
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