FOREST AND STREAM. 
'Afril 8, 1899. 
11 
10 
SAILING DINGHY ^DESIGNED BY J. WILTON MORSE, ESQ. 
groping around among the gondolas and other craft 
moored above the mill on the right bank, in search 
ot a landing and camping place, the broken ruined piers 
of the old bridge, burned during Jackson's historic 
onslaught on Banks at this place, rising like spectres in 
the gloom from the deep, still, black waters. 
We found no favorable landing on this side, as the 
bank rose steep and high from the water, and felt 
our way carefully across the river to the left bank 
through the darkness, the roar of the river falling over 
the big 9ft. dam but a few yards below sounding start- 
lingly close through the gloom, and stepped ashore at a 
good landing place where several rowboats were moored 
just as a small party of young men from the village 
out for an evening swim reached the spot. 
"Hello, boys! How far up you been?" they asked, as 
we were laboriously pulling the canoes ashore, evidently 
mistaking us in the darkness for two of their own 
num.ber. 
"As far up as Staunton," George replied. "Will you 
kindly give us a lift with these canoes up the bank?" 
They readily and cordially assisted us, as they dis- 
covered their mistake, and carried the canoes for us 
up on to a nice grassy bank under the spreading- 
branches of the trees, between the roadside and the 
river, and were greatly interested as we briefly out- 
lined our story. We threw of? the hatches and spread 
our blankets, and put up the tents as hastily as possible 
to keep the blankets from getting wet by the light rain 
that was falling with more threatening. 
A few sticks were hastily gathered and placed in the 
camp stove and well saturated with coal oil and lighted; 
a quick, plentiful supper of bacon and eggs, flanked 
by bread and butter and steaming hot coffee, prepared 
and stowed away by the liglit of my boat lantern, and 
we crawled into our tents, leaving our supper utensils 
to care for themselves until morning, and speedily 
dropped off to sleep, pretty well tired out with our 
thirty-three miles' battling with reefs, rapids, falls and 
dams, the rain soothing us with its gentle lullaby on our 
canvas roofs the whole night long. F. R. Webb. 
Yacht Designing*— XXVIL 
BY W. P. STEPHENS. 
^Continued Jrom page 240, March. 25j. 
Many of the instrmnents of the draftsman are adapt- 
able to a variety of uses for which they were never in- 
tended ; for instance, the T square with shifting head is a 
favorite weapon for broadsword practice among students, 
the dividers come into play as nut-picks, reamers and 
awls, and the scales and straight edges serve as guides 
for a knife in cutting paper. If any such uses are con- 
templated, only the cheapest instruments should be pur- 
chased, to be thrown aside in a short time as worthless 
for drafting. If good instruments are purchased, they 
should be used and preserved with the greatest care, as 
they are extremely liable to injury and deterioration. 
Some of the more expensive instruments, such as the long 
straight edges and the larger triangles, are practically use- 
less after they once become slightly out of truth, with the 
edges warped or nicked and the angles untrue. 
it takes a good deal of time on the part of the drafts- 
man who is working regularly day by day if he has to 
put every tool away in its own special receptacle at night, 
and this is seldom done, even where elaborate instrument 
cases are at hand ; the tools are left to lie about from day 
to day, only being stored in their proper places at long 
intervals when the work stops for a time. The best plan 
is to have the drafting room so arranged that everything 
may be quickly restored to its proper place after using. 
The weights should have a strong shelf near to the draft- 
ing table or in the lower part of it; the battens should be 
kept in a long box about 2in. wide and lin. deep, with a 
hinged lid, or there may be separate boxes for long and 
short battens. The longer straight edges, T squares and 
curves should hang on the wall, against a piece of baize 
cloth if the wall is at all damp, and they should always, 
whether in use or not, be kept out of the sun. It is a 
great help and comfort in drawing to have a board that 
is perfectly true and flat, and scales, curves and triangles 
that lie perfectly flat on it ; but all of these instruments, 
whether of wood, ivor}' or celluloid, are liable to warp 
however carefully treated, and are certain to. do so if left 
in the sun. The small curves, of a foot or less in length, 
are best stowed in a shallow, box or drawer, a couple of 
feet long. Sin. wide and 2in. deep; and a similar box will 
hold all the scales ; these being merely laid in loosely and 
not put into racks. 
The most convenient receptacle for the numerous small 
instruments is a home-made affair, a plain box about wn. 
long, loin. wide and 2in. deep inside measurement, with a 
hinged lid. This box is fitted with five small drawers 
or tills, each 10 by 5 by tin. outside measurement, made of 
J^in. wood, these sliding on ledges lin. deep along the 
sides of the large box. One of these tills contains the 
pencils, one the pens for lettering, one the drafting pens, 
one the various compasses and dividers, and one is de- 
voted to miscellaneous tools. The space beneath them in 
the bottom of the large box contains the protractors, read- 
ing glass and odd tools not in constant use. None of 
the tills are arranged with a distinct slot for each tool or 
part, but they are simply lined with some suitable material, 
the tools being laid in loosely. With such a box a hand- 
ful of tools may be quickly gathered up when work is 
over and distributed each in its proper place, there being 
no waste of time in changing points, etc., to fit the notches 
of the ordinary case. 
The larger and more expensive instruments, such as the 
planimeter, integrator, etc., are jold in special cases fitted 
to hold them without injury, and should always be kept in 
them. These cases should, if possible, be so made that 
the instruments can be stored away in any state of ad- 
justment, without being opened or closed to some par- 
ticular point merely to fit the case. This is an important 
detail, but one usually overlooked by the makf rs. 
It is impossible to handle instruments without In time 
dimming the first polish, which can only be restored by 
the maker, and the, most carefully used tools will in- 
evitably show some wear, but they should never be al- 
lowed to rust. In the case of such complicated and ex- 
pensive instruments as the planimeter, all parts should 
be wiped with a soft cloth after using to remove dust and 
the moisture of the hands, which will cause a little rust; 
but the dividers and other small instruments are hardly 
likely to get such care, nor do they suffer so much for the 
lack of it. 
The great enemy of the draftsman is dirt, chiefly in the 
forrn of dust, which finds its way everywhere. To com- 
bat it successfully there is needed a common dust brush 
or feather duster for the drawing boards, tables, etc., 
which should be vigorously used before beginning work; 
a much finer brush reserved solely for the surface of the 
paper, for removing dust and also the particles of paper, 
ink and graphite produced by erasure, and third, a dust 
cloth for the scales, triangles, curves, etc. These all col-, 
lect dust from the air and more or less moisture and dirt 
from the fingers, transferring them to the surface of the 
paper. Some of this dirt may be removed after the 
drawing is completed by the use of India rubber or of 
stale bread, but a good deal of it will remain. By way of 
prevention, the paper should be dusted before beginning 
work, the instruments should be wiped off with the dust 
cloth, and occasionally a slightly damp cloth may be used 
on scales, triangles, etc., to freshen them up. Too much 
water is likely to injure them, but a little carefully ap- 
plied will clean them without damage. 
The idea of cleanliness is more than a mere sentiment, 
as when it comes to the inking, good work cannot be 
done on dirty paper. The use of the drafting pen and 
india ink is by no means an easy matter, but one de- 
manding skill, experience and care to produce good and 
reasonably rapid work. Even under the best conditions, 
with clean paper, clean pen, and ink freshly rubbed in 
clean water on a clean slab, the result is not invariably 
satisfactory ; and with dirt present anywhere it cannot 
be so. 
As previously stated, the common writing ink is ab- 
solutely unfit for drafting, or for use in the drafting pen, 
corroding the instrument and paper, and making a very 
poor line. The Chinese or "india ink," in solid sticks, 
has always been the standard material ; but similar ink is 
prepared in liquid form and sold in small bottles. The 
use of this liquid ink has . become quite general of late 
years, the quality probably being better than of old, and 
many professional draftsmen use it entirely. At the sama 
time we know of no reason for so doing good enough to 
offset its marked inferiority to good stick ink. It is as- 
sumed that the preparation of stick ink is a slow and verv 
laborious process, to be performed anew whenever a 
little ink is needed, while with the bottle ink it is only 
necessary to draw the stopper. There might be some 
truth in this if it were really necessary in all cases 
to follow the directions given for the preparation 
of the stick ink for the very finest drawing, both 
with the pen and in shading; to rub the stick of ink 
on the end of the finger and to rub the latter JC 
turn on the ink slab, thus avoiding all grit and grinding 
the ink perfectly fine. For shading with the brush this 
process is necessary, as even the smallest sneck of solid 
ink in the brush would spoil the work; for line drawing, 
however, it is quite sufficient to rub the stick ink directly 
in the saucer, or slah. A variety of china and stone 
dishes are sold for this purpose, a very convenient sort 
being of slate, about 4in, square and lin. thick, with a 
