Bit 
FOHEST AND STHBAM. 
[April 2i, iS9§. 
Fishes of Hudson Bay ^nd Strait. 
■ B» "CHARLES HAXLOClK, 
In 1884 Mp. Charles- R. Tuttle was historian of the 
Canadian Government expedition sent to Hudson Bay 
and Strait to determine the period of open navigation as 
bearing upon the question of the proposed Hudson Bay 
route. In his pubhshed record he devotes considerable 
space to the economic fishes of those waters, and after 
sraung that cod swarm in Ungara Bay and all along Uie 
north Labrador coast in quantities so vast that a schoon- 
er may be loaded in a few days in any of the inlets, he 
remarks that, if any person wishes to see Saliiw salar 
in perfection, "he should go to the rivers and brooks and 
torrents and leaping, dashing, foaming streams whim 
everywhere empty their turbulent waters_ into Hudson^-;. 
Strait * * * There dwell the salmon m their virgin 
beauty" they abound in such numbers that a ship can 
be loaded with them in a few days: and "even at the da.e 
named which was fifteen years ago, the Hudson i5a> 
Companv maintained a fishery at Ungara Bay anc 
shiwed a lefrigeratof steamsh-ip " load every year to the 
eld country. This information will astonish those wlK 
imagine the shores of that Arctic channel to be only : 
tenantless terra incognita. „. 
. Sea trout are even more plentiful than the salmon, ant 
nearly as large up there, being a little longer, but no 
quite so stout/acc^rding to Tuttle. By some ichthyolo - 
gists they are designated as spotted sa mon. or Hearne . 
filmon. and Dr. Robt. Bell, chief ot the Dommion Sm 
vey. speaks of them as Hearne's salmon in a private lei 
ter to the writer under date of March 20. 1890. He says : 
-J'They do not go over lolbs. weight, but are the perfec 
tion%f all salmon for flavor." This weight would b ^ 
marvellous to fishermen on the Bay Chaleur and l^Jvt.- 
«;t Lawrence tributaries, where the average is perhaps 
4lbs In manv places the Hudson's Bay Company ^cany 
on extensive sea trout fisheries by means of simple traps, 
which they set in the shallow streams when the tide nsc^ 
some 10 or 12ft. At ebb tide thousands are found 
secured in these nets. They are salted m casks or bar- 
rels and shipped to England. The Eskimos spear them 
in spring and early summer, and consider them a great 
solar are abundant in the Koksak and Georges 
rivers, and in all affluents of Ungara Bay, and thence 
do^n along the whole Labrador coast. But to the wesr- 
ward of Ungara it is replaced by the Hearne s salmon 
which occurl all around the Hudson Bay Proper and 
Tlong the south side of Hudson Strait to Bay of Hope . 
Advance, but not in James Bay, which is a southwarci 
projection of Hudson Bay. _ , . 
Still another species, the Arctic salmon, begins at a 
point on the mainland of the continent aboiit Wager In- 
let. The same is found m the Loppermme, Baele s R er 
and Great Fish River. They are netted around Melville 
Peninsula and westward, and it is said also on the shores 
of Baffin Land, which is an archipelago oi islands 
On the Pacific Coast this Arctic salmon is in its tui.i 
replaced by the five recognized species of oncorhynchus, 
which occur from Kotzebue Sound southward 
A species of salmon allied to the whitefish is the 
inconnu of the Mackenzie River, but a sorry nsh it is tor 
eating or for any other purpose whatever, 
Dr Bell says that nothing worth mentioning has ever 
. been ■ published regarding the fishes of Hudson Bay, 
though a considerabte porpoise and walrus fishery is car- 
ried on around Marble Island, at the mouth of the ba>, 
and the oil product is rendered at Fort. Churchill, at its 
head, where there are also three refineries. 
weeks or a month prior to the opening of the season in 
the Discharge, ouananiche will be taken freely in Lake 
St. John. almo.=.t as early, in fact, as fontinalis furnishes 
sport for fiy-fishcrmen in the various streams and lakes 
between Quebec and Lake St. John. 
E, T. D. Chambers. 
A Late Season. 
Quebec, April I4.-The angler in Canada '•fq"*";.^ 
good stock of patience this spnng-.f one can call it spi ng 
with 8ft. of snow piled by the roadsides and 2.t. on the 
level Not even the oldest inhabitant can remember 
have seen so much snow upon the ground her- ;a tlie 
middle of April as there is at the present time La.t 
vear at this season the dust was flying "PO" f^^" 'h'^ 
country roads in the vicinity of Quebec. So it w a., at 
Srval, upon the shores of Lake St. John. Now the 
ice is thick upon the lake, and the snow m the sun'onnd- 
ing country is as deep as if is in the environs of Quebec 
This will furnish some idea ot how late the fishing season 
is likely to open this year in this part of Canada. Last 
year was an exceptionally early season, and yet on either 
the rst or 2d of May both General Henry, U. S Consul 
here and the writer, whipped Lake Beauport ddigently 
withoirt obtaining a rise, and fished some of the Bernard 
Club lakes -in Maskinonge county a week later with not 
much better - success- so far as the fiy-fishmg was con- 
cerned Of course, the snow and ice will disappear very 
quickly when- the really warm weather sets m, but good 
fishing must -now be very late, for all the lakes and 
streams will be exceptionally high, and heavy flooas arc 
anticipated in most parts of Canada. The abundance of 
snow-water runnig down, for -sometime after the thaw, is 
practically over, will naturally deter the trout from sur- 
face feeding until still later in the season, when the water 
in the streams and lakes reaches its norma! mid-May tern- 
pei-atu'-e. . I have several inquiries from friends in the 
United States respecting- spring fishing, but it is natiii--a..v 
impossible at present, with the ground covered with snow, 
and ice still on all tlie lakes,- to offer any definite advice. 
I am certainly under the impression, for reasons already 
eiven that there will not be- much May fishing with ;the 
flv this season in the Lake St. John country, ccrtainlv 
nbt- before the last week of the month._ But as the season 
nroc/resses and the thaw advances, I will endeavor in keep 
the readers of Forest and Stream thoroughly posted, for 
nobody in Canada would like to see American^ anglers in 
search of sport, coming here at the wrong time for iL 
At present it looks as if . the best of Canadian spring 
ano-ling will be had this year in the month of June. 
Ouananiche fishing in the Grand Discharge wi 1 scarcely 
be at its be'^t until the latter half of the month, for the 
late thaw and abundance of snow still in the woods will 
raise Lake St.- John in May to much more than its 
ordinarv -spring level, and the fishing is never good m 
f he. Grand Discharge until the water m the lake has 
- kitea to«a. iower ^evelv. But .it is likely that for three 
Hints and Points. 
Salem, Mass., April 4,— We readers of Forest and 
Stream have from time to time come into possession of 
valuable information which ought to be imparted to all 
the brotherhood of sportsmen. In particular we know of 
certain valuable remedies for sickness and wounds, snake 
bites, etc. For instance, a friend of mine was bitten by 
jji rattlesnake, and having learned that ahim taken inter- 
nally was a sure cure, he procured some a few moments 
after helving been bitten by the snake, and although he 
became unconscious for a tim.e. yet he shortly recovered. 
I had an opportunity to test a peculiar remedy for scalds 
and burns. While camping in the woods of Maine and 
suffering from a severe scalded hand and having nothing 
better to apply. I used some black-fly ointment, which 
ijave almost instant relief. Since that time it has been 
used in very many cases, and found to be, without any 
doubt, the surest and most reliable remedy for burns ever 
tried. I enclose a recipe for this which has just been dis- 
rovered in an old diary. 
Remedy for Black Flies. 
One-half ounce oil of tar; i^drs. oil of clove; J^^oz. oi! 
of pennyroyal; i^^oz. spirits of camphor; 2drs. of am- 
monia water; loz. castor oil; olive oil enough to make the 
whole quantity 8oz. 
I trust that some interest may be awakened on these 
lines among the readers of Forest and Stream, and that 
others may be prompted to give other hints and wrinkles 
and receipts. N. C. Locke. 
' 1 New Jersey Coast Fishine:. 
AswjRY Park, N. J.. April 14.— But little success has 
attended the efforts of anglers in this section so far as 
salt water fishing is concerned. A few ling have been 
taken from the piers and some flounders from the tidal 
streams. Perch are beginning to make their presence 
known in the head-waters of the Manasquan and are ever 
welcome to the enthusiastic. First-class sport can be had 
with flv rod when they are taking the hook freely. The 
sucker seems to be more than usually abundant in several 
streams and is now taking the hook in his usual clumsy 
manner. Nevertheless he is ever welcome to a large con- 
tingent, as his memory is linked with reviews of pleasant 
wanderines through meadow and glen. 
But little has been done along the trout streams as the 
verv backward weather has kept the sport in abeyance, 
and those who ha^e ventured have . met with but meagre 
surress. Dr. H. S. Kinmonth has bsen out twice, and 
while meeting with some success (^ach time, reports the 
streams in bad condition and' "the fish unusually small in 
size. Parties living in the immediate vicinity . of the 
waters say that great quantities of trout perished during 
the nast winter, owing -presumably to the severity of the 
weather and the -verv shallow streains.. " 
Leonard Hulit. 
Immt 
Fixtures. 
BENCH SHOWS. 
April 18-21.— Cincinnali. O.— Bench shov/ of Dog Owners' Pro- 
tective A';'--nciation of Cincinnati. , , ^. ■ j 
April ?(;-29.— Baltimore, Md.— Baltimore Kennel Club s third 
annual !-liow. . „ , i-i u> 
May 3-6.— San Francisco, Cal.— San Francisco Kennel Club s 
third annual <=how. -r , , • , o 1 -u-.- a „ 
Sept. -1-7.— Toronto. Can.— Toronto Industrial Exhibition AbSO- 
ci?tion's fileveni-h annual show. 
Nov. 22-24.— New York.— American Pet Dog Club s .<;Iio\v. S. 
C. Hodge, Supt. 
FIELD TRIALS. 
Nnv. 6.— Bicknell, Ind.— Indiana Field Tv'M Club's trials. S. 
H. Socwell, Sec'y. . ^ , , m • , u' ^ 4.u 
Nq.^, 11— Chatham, Ont.— International Pield Trial Clubs tenth 
annuai trials. W. B. Wells. Hon. Sec'y. . , , • , ^, , 
Nov. 14.— Washington. C. H., C— Ohio Field Inal Clubs 
trials. C. F. Baugbn. Sec'y- . , -r.- ,j • , r-i , . . • 1 
Dec. f!.— Newton, N. C— Continental Field inal Club s trials. 
W. B. Meares, Sec'y. 
Dog Sense. 
Stillwater, N. Y., March 2S.— Editor Forest and 
Stream: Fred Mather is all right. I glory in his spunk 
When lie maintains that animals have reasoning power, I 
think he knows where he stands, as his several illustra- 
tions in vour issue of Feb. 25 plainly show. 
It puzzles me that one can give a dog no more credit 
for his ihoughtfulness than if he were a piece of ma- 
chinery. 
For instance, take three pups all from the same litter 
and admit that all are endowed with the same degree of 
instinct. One year later there will De one of them 
that you will prize higher than the rest. Why? Simply 
because he is the smarter of the three. ,Did instinct de- 
velop in him more than in the other two? 
I have an Irish setter that I frequently keep chained 
under a shed near the house. One day a neighbor left 
two eggs Iving in a wheelbarrow within reach of the dog. 
Upon the 'man's return the dog, expecting to be patted, 
perhaps, put his feet on the barrow, overturning it and 
breaking the eggs, after -which he proceeded to lap 
them up. , . -I T 
A few days after that, when he was unchamed, 1 saw 
him coming from that neighbor's hencoop, with an egg 
in his month. When he saw me he crouched low m the 
grass and carefully let the egg roll to the ground. He 
had never been punished for anything of the kind, yet how 
did he know that he was doing wrong ; and why was he so 
careful not to break the egg? If that had been arbone or 
a bail his teeth prints would have been left in it. ; 
I think that he remembered how those eggs bro'ke on 
falling from the 'barrow, and he thought his punishm-ent 
would be mitigated if he gave up the stolen property un- 
broken. 
I will think until it is disproven that instinct is the 
mother of knowledge; and knowledge the mother of wis- 
dom and reason. 
Curiosity is instinctive ; hence, it pilots us to knowl- 
edge. 
With full knowledge of two different routes to a city 
you wish to reach, one rough and hilly, the other smooth 
and easy to travel, which would you take.'' Why, with 
wisdom born of knowledge you would clioose the easier 
route. 
Then, after entering the city, you think you need a 
shave. You look around as you meander along; and 
finally you observe a striped pole on the sidewalk ahead, 
You will think, "There is a barber shop. I can get a 
shave there." Now, how do you know you can, as you 
have not tried 3'et? You simply reason that you can, be^- 
cause you have the knowledge that barbers do have such 
signs, and there must be a shop represented by that one. 
I liken instinct to a root, and curiosity to a plant grow- 
ing from it, and knowledge, wisdom and reason are pro- 
ducts of that plant Can you see it that way? 
I believe that any form of animal life that can be taught 
to mind must reason ere they obey. If they do not, then 
tell me, someone, why do they obey? 
Why does a dog crouch before his master when he has 
disobeyed? Simply because he reasons that punishment 
is liable to follow disobedience. He also has a knowledge 
of his master's tender feelings, as well as the wisdom to 
touch those tender feelings if he can by his ardent dis- 
play of penitence. 
I said Fred was "all right,'' but — I mean — pretty near 
all right. When, as I read his fox hunting narrative, I 
came to where his dog came up to him "wet with perspira- 
tion" I paused. He can get a big price for his perspiring 
dog. Chas. H. Smodkll. 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
The other day with a friend I took the dogs and went 
out into the woods. We took our way to one or two like- 
ly places,' and at the first one, an old apple tree, got a 
point on an old partridge which was eking out a scanty 
subsistence on the seeds of the dried-up fruit. She didn't 
stay long, for the crunching snow was too sure a warning. 
But after both barrels [imaginary] we inarked her down 
—ours, if it had been dear old October. Next, we visited 
a sure place for woodcock and found two. Just imagine 
old aristocrat on his uppers, and no coal in the cellar. 
The first one was a good-looking old gentleman; and Lee 
found and pointed him three times before he left. It was 
amusing to see the dogs look up the bare spot.s — wonder- 
ful how they certainly reason it all out. 
Here is a little dog story about a dog of mine — but that 
makes no difference — I always admit of others. Lee has 
used a certain chair for his bed ever since we have had 
him. The chair was covered with a lounge cover, A day 
or two ago we sent the chair away for recovering. At 
night Lee could not find his chair. He inquired of the cac 
and the baby where it had gone, and coaxed us to help him 
find it. He searched the house; but all he could find 
was the cover, which hung on a line in the back kitchen. 
So, while we were getting ready for bed, in he walked, 
dragging the cover. He put it down over near where his 
chair should have been, and then lay down on it and 
went to sleep. Reason? Instinct? or just dumb luck? 
E. D. 
Brunswick Fur Club. 
A SPECIAL meeting of the Brunswick - Fur Club was 
held at Mechanics' Hall, Boston, on April 4. President 
. O. F. Joslin presided, and twenty-two members were 
present. The following gentlemen were elected to active 
membership: B. N. Hamlin, Horace F. Fuller, L.. W. 
Camobell. B. P. Williamson, C. J. Prouty, Geo. W 
Tacques, C. F. Harris, Wm. H. Simonds, J. T. Flan- 
iielly. The report of the committee on the revision of the 
constitution and running rules was accepted. It was 
voted to hold the field trials at Barre, Mass., during the 
week of Oct. 16. A vote of thanks was extended to 
President Joslin for his generous present of $50 to the 
club Adjourned. Bradford S. Turpin, Sec'y. 
Yacht Designing.-XXVIII. 
BY W. P. STEPHENS. 
\Continued from fage 275, April 8.; 
The proper manipulation of the drafting instruments 
is but a small matter compared with the larger probler.is 
of naval architecture which are involved in yacht design- 
ing; but it is nevertheless indispensable. The requisite 
degree of skill can only be acquired by study and prac- 
tice, if possible under a competent instructor. No writ- 
ten directions can fully take the place of personal instruc- 
tion, but at the same time the latter is beyond the reach 
of many. The general series of operations are: plot- 
ting, pencilling in, inking, tracing, and in some cases 
tinting or shading. Every line of a drawing is depend- 
ent on one or more points, these being first located and 
the line drawn to or through them. These points ar^- 
ii'inute dots, made with a pencil having a sharp conica' 
point. In Fig. 63 the scale is shown held by the tingeri 
of the left hand, while the two points marking the extrem- 
iiies of the proposed line are made with a conically point- 
-ed pencil. The other pencil shown on the paper under 
the left hand has a chisel point, broad and flat on both 
sides— something like a duck's bill. It is impossible to 
make a fine dot with such a point, but for drawing a long 
line it is much superior to the round point. Two pencils 
may be used, one with each style of point, or one pencil 
may be sharpened on both ends. The double-ended 
pencils with movable leads are convenient, one end being 
nsed for plotting and the other for drawing lines. In 
Fig. 64 the two hands are shown, one holding the tri-- 
