314 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
[April 22, 1899. 
cessful with his pi'oductions, both on the ocean and the 
inland lakes. He was formerly the agent of the bank in 
Chicago and was chosen as one of the committee of man- 
agement of the first Canada cup race. The project of 
building from the design of Mr. McLeod was taken up 
by Commodore Jarvis on his recent return to the city. 
With the co-operation of Vice-Commodore J. H. Plum- 
mer, the necessary funds are so far assured that the order 
to begin work on the new boat has been given to Capt. 
Andrews of Oakville, from wliose shop Canada was put 
into the water two years ago. 
It is said that this latest decision to add to Bk number 
of trial yachts has developed another possible boat, mak- 
ing three Toronto defenders in addition to the three 
Under way in Hamilton. 
The following is from the New York Tribune : 
A. G. Cuthbert came to New York yesterday to ar- 
range to introduce the alco-vapor launch in Chicago 
waters. The 35-footer Veva^ which is being designed 
for Vice-Commodore Peare, of- the Chicago Y. C, and 
which is intended to back the international challenge for 
the Canada cup, will be an improved Sylvia. Sylvia has 
taken fourteen first and five seconds out of twenty-one 
races, and in the contests in which she took second place 
she was beaten by her sister yacht, also designed by 
Cuthbert, called Mirage. It is a singular fact that al- 
thotigh Sylvia was built and raced in 1893, two years be- 
fore Defender appeared, she is the exact counterpart of 
that' Herreshoff flyer, except that she is slightly deeper in 
proportion. On being worked out on a scale the princi- 
pal measurements, other than draft, are the same within 
an inch. 
Columbia. 
Late last week it was announced officially that Mr. C. 
OHver Tselin had given to Sec'y Oddie of the New York 
Y. C. the name Columbia for the cup defender now build- 
ing for Com. Morgan. This news sets at rest the numer- 
ous rumors as to the other names that have been for some 
time current. Sufficient work has been done on the top- 
sides of the yacht to confirm the report that they, like the 
bottom, win be of Tobin bronze. The work on all parts 
is progressing steadily, and the yacht will be launched 
early in June. The brass foundry at Warren has been 
leased l5y the Herreshoffs for the making of the numerous 
small castings, and work has been begun on a foundry 
as a permanent addition to the Bristol plant. 
The Boston Globe has collected a lot of information 
concerning the sail plan, and though it may not all prove 
correct, it is sufficiently probable to be interesting at the 
present time. 
Unless all signs fail and all present indications are 
wholly at fault, there is a big surprise in store for those 
who have confidently predicted an increase of 15 per cent, 
of sail in the new cup defender over the old, and who 
have figured the gain by a rough addition of five or six 
feet all around in the spars of the new boat over those of 
the champion of '95. 
Although the Globe cannot say so to a certainty, yet the 
information now in its possession as to the spars of the 
new boat leads to the conclusion that the increase in sail 
area will not be over 5 per cent. At the same time the 
information points to a far more effective sail plan in 
this increase of 5 per cent, than in the 15 per cent, in- 
crease given in connection with any so-called "approxim- 
ate" designs. 
, The sources of this information cannot be given, for the 
steel gaff and boom are being made in the Herreshoff 
shops under lock and key, and watchmen to guard ; while 
the wooden mast, bowsprit, topmast and spinaker pole, 
which are ready for shipment in the shop of the Boston 
Spar Co., at East Boston, are hardly more available for 
observation. Nevertheless, the Globe believes its infor- 
mation to be accurate, even if it upsets some preconceived 
ideas of what was being done. 
According to this information, the spar dimensions are 
as follows, the figures in each case being the limit shown 
by the spars before their final finish: Mast 107ft., boom 
loift., gaff 65ft., topmast 62ft.. bowsprit 38ft., and spin- 
aker pole 74ft. A 20ft. masthead and a housing of gft. be- 
low the deck would make the mast 78ft. from deck to 
hounds, or 6ft. more than in Defender. The main 
boom is sft. shorter, the topmast 5ft. longer, and the 
bowsprit 4ft. shorter than Defender's, while the spinaker 
pole is about the same length. 
With the known position of the mast in the new boat 
as between frames 28 and 29, the sail plan for the pur- 
poses of measurement for time allowance can be very 
closely calculatetd. It figures to about 600 square ft. 
more than that of Defender, or about S per cent., but 
at the same time it shows an increase of actual sail of 
about 500 sq. ft. in the mainsail, leaving only 
looft. to go into the head sails, or a very great increase 
in the area of the principal driving sail in proportion to 
the increase on which an allowance tax is paid. 
This sail plan is shorter on the base line and longer on 
the perpendicular than that of Defender, and there- 
fore carries more sail aloft where it will do the most good 
in light airs, and where it is more effective and more easily 
kept in place than as if it were lower down. The figures 
and the proposition itself are somewhat surprising at 
first, since the easiest way to increase a sail plan would 
be to add on something all around, but a little considera- 
tion of the matter and of the conclusions to be drawn 
from certain known data will show the plan to be a logical 
and practical one, even if Measurer Hyslop's tape shall 
finally show it to be wrong. ^ _ . _ 
Many figures were made on Defender's sail plan while 
she was building and after she was under way, but Meas- 
urer Hyslop's figures, just before the cup race, were the 
first official or authoritative ones obtained, and they 
showed tliat presumably positive information was by no 
means correct. Defender was not officially measured un- 
til the last possible moment, and the same will undoubted • 
ly be true in the case of the new boat. 
In considering the sail plan of the new boat the placing 
of the spars as well as their length is of the utmost im- 
portance. The position of the mast is known, and this 
is a good starting point for obtaining the base line for the 
purposes of measurement. The fore side of the mast is 
at frame 28, or practically 47ft. 6in. from the stemhead. 
Housing the 38ft. bowsprit about loft., as in Defender, 
gives it a length of 28ft. outboard. Deducting from this 
length about a foot and a half for finishing at the other 
end, and for the attachment of the headstays, gives a 
measurement of about 74ft from the side of mast to for- 
ward point of measurement midway between the jibstay 
and foretopmast stay. 
Under the measurement rule of the New York Y. C, 
any excess of length in the spinaker pole over the dis- 
tance just given is added to the base line. Hence all spin- 
aker poles are made just under this length to avoid being 
taxed, while at the same time they are as close as possi- 
ble to the distance so as to get the largest possible sail. 
In Defender the distance from foreside of mast to for- 
ward point of measurement was 73. SSft. and the spinaker 
pole was 73.36ft. long. In the sail plan now under con- 
sideration the distance is about 74ft., and the length of 
the pole not many inches under the same figure. Taken 
together the figures should closely fix the length of base 
of the forward triangle. This base is not officially meas- 
ured except to determine any tax on the spinaker pole, 
but in the present case it is valuable in helping to deter- 
mine the entire base line. 
The official base line is from the forward point of meas- 
urement to end of main boom, to which is added any ex- 
cess of length of gaff over 80 per cent, of the topmast, 
measured from the hoimds to lower side of sheave of top- 
sail halyard block. Taking the boom ' at tooft. 
and allowing 3ft. for mast and gooseneck fittings, a liberal 
allowance, a base line of 178ft. is obtained. Allowing 
I ft. on the topmast for fitting and the drop of the topsail 
halyard block gives a measurement length of 61ft., and 
with a 6Sft. gaff an excess of i6ft. of gaff over 80 per cent, 
of the topmast to be added to the base line, which brings 
the latter to ig4ft. 
The perpendicular next claims attention. This is meas- 
ured from tipper side of mainboom to lower side of 
sheave of topsail halyard block. With a measurement of 
78ft, deck to hounds, an allowance of about 3ft. must be 
made for the distance of the upper side of the boom from 
the deck. This gives 75ft. up to the hounds. Add to this 
the length of the topmast, 6ift., and a perpendicular of 
136ft. is obtained. Defender's perpendicular for meas- 
urement was 128.48ft. The sail plan of the new boat is 
therefore nearly i6ft. liigher in the air. To obtain the sail 
area, multiply the base by the perpendicular and divide 
by 2. The result is 13,242 sq. ft., or 640 sq. ft. more than 
Defender at her offiical measurement of 12,602 sq. ft. 
This, it must be remembered, is the sail area for meas- 
urement, and not the actual sail area. , The rule was de- 
vised to get as closely as possible the area of the working 
sails, including the topsail, together with something for a 
jib topsail. The actual area of the working sails is less 
than this figure, but in the plan under consideration the 
mainsail figures roughly in the neighborhood of 500 sq. 
ft.' more than in Defender, wherein lies one of the merits 
of the plan. 
Variations of a few inches all around in these figures, 
either more or less, would give a different result, but the 
area as given is not far out from what it is believed the new 
boat will carry. If there are additions they will show on 
boom and gaff rather tlian in perpendicular, or forward 
portion of the base line. 
Now for the reasons for such a sail plan. In the first 
place Defender carried a strong lee helm, which all addi- 
tions to her after sail by lengthening her boom and gaff 
failed to entirely correct. Her head sails were also ma- 
terially cut down to help in this direction. These things 
were kept very quiet in '95, but have since become known, 
and it was fully as much to correct the fault of a lee 
helm as because she could carry more sail, that the main- 
sail of Defender was increased. The addition of two feet 
in height when tKe new mast was made was probably as 
effective for speed as the addition of 5ft. to boom and 
gaff. The necessary cutting down of the head sails was 
ahvays a source of worry. 
In the new boat Herreshoff has set the mast between 
4 and 5ft. further aft than in Defender, and at the 
same time has retained practically the same length of base 
line to the triangle of the head sails. This would make 
the loift. boom come about as far aft as the io6ft._boom 
of Defender, and would practically mean the adoption of 
the length of base line originally given Defender, while at 
the same time giving the proper balance to the new boat 
by setting the whole sail plan as much_ farther aft as was 
found necessary to correct the carrying of a lee helm 
in '95. 
Or, to ptlt it a bit differently, it may fairly be reasoned 
that Herreshoff adopted in '95 a rig which was as long on 
the base line as wotild be properly effective and could be 
comfortably handled. He made additions aft to correct 
the balance of his boat rather than because he thought 
them the best way to get increased speed. This year he 
starts with about the same base line as originally decided 
upon, but balances his boat properly in the light of ex- 
perience and then carries the additional sail he needs for 
speed away up in the air where it is taxed the least and 
will do the most good. 
Certainly the new rig, judging by experience in smaller 
craft, will be more effective by being comparatively nar- 
row and lofty rather than spread out on the base line. 
The new boat has plenty of added power to carry it and 
it is known that her designer wishes her to heel well out 
when sailing, so as to gain all the advantage of her long 
overhangs, and has given her a "tumble home" to her 
topsides in the expectation that she will sail in just that 
way. 
Another point in favor of the new plan is that the ex- 
cess of gaff to be added to the base line is only i6ft., when 
in Defender it was 19ft. The only question in the writer's 
mind as to the plan is as to whether it gives sufficient 
aftersail to balance the boat. He frankly confesses he is 
not enough of a naval architect to answer the question 
definilely. and can only say that it seems likely to do so. 
In view of the apparent placing of the center of lateral 
resistance, but Utile further aft than in Defender. 
In any event he has outlined a consistent and possible, 
as well as probable, sail plan, and confidently expects that 
any changes that subsequent information or Measurer 
Hyslop's tape may show, will be in the direction only of 
more aftersail. 
In the meantime the new boat's wooden spars— her 
mast and duplicate topmasts, bowsprits, spinaker poles 
and sets of club topsail poles — are still in East Boston, 
and will remain there until the completion of a set of 
spars for W. O. Gay's new 70-footer, for which set an 
order has recently been received by the spar company. 
All the spars will then be shipped together to Bristol by 
barge or schooner. The large spars will be put over- 
board at East Boston and be towed to Fiske's Wharf in 
the city proper, where they will be hoisted out by the big 
shears, and placed on the deck of the craft that is to carry 
them around the Cape. The smaller spars will go to 
FLske's Wharf by team. 
The big mast for the new defender lies in plain view in 
the spar company's shop, but Mr. Bailey does not encour- 
age close inspection by visitors. The other spars are so 
piled up as to defy inspection were opportunity afforded. 
Mr. Bailey is naturally affable and disposed to give in- 
formation about the work in which he takes a pride, but 
in this case the mantle of Herreshoff secrecy has included 
him in its voluminous folds. He may possibly find it op- 
pressive, but he does not say so, since the Herreshoffs are 
good customers. Under these circumstances he can hard- 
ly be blamed for being close-niouthed. 
But the spars will get out from his hands some time, 
and there will then be a chance for the verification of 
what are now believed to be their correct dimensions. 
The Seawanhaka Cwp. 
The race committee of the Seawanhaka-CorintWan Y, 
C. has issued a notice of the change of date for both trial 
and cup races, in consequence of other important yacht - 
ing events. The trial races at Oyster Bay will be sailed 
on July 3, 5 and 6; while the cup races at Dorval Lake, 
St. Louis, will be sailed on July 26 and the succeeding 
week days. Up to the present time two 20-footers are 
promised for the challenging side, a new and an old boat. 
The new boat, already mentioned in these columns, was 
designed by B. B. Crowninshield, of Boston, for a syndi- 
cate of the Bridgeport Y. C, including Messrs. T. H. 
Macdonald, W. Herbert Jennings of Southport, Archibald 
McNeil, T. L. Watson, De Vere H. Warner, James H. 
McElroy and Egdar D. Chittenden. 
She will be built by Lawley & Co. and will be 32ft. over 
all, 17ft. 6in. line and 8ft. beam; the planking being cov- 
ered with canvas. 
The other boat, also a Boston craft, is described as fol- 
lows in the Globe; her photo was given in the Forest 
AND Stream of Sept. 3, 1898: 
Boston will not only be represented in the trial races 
by a Boston designed and built boat, but also by one that 
is owned as well as designed and built here. The cham- 
pion i8-footer Duchess, challenger last year for the Quin- 
cy cup,_ will have her sail plain reduced to conform to 
the limits of the 20ft. Seawanhaka class, and will be en- 
tered for the races at Oyster Bay. She will be sailed by 
Arthur H. Parker, one of her present owners, and with 
him will be his brother Frank and C. D. Mower, de- 
signer and builder of the boat. 
Duchess at present measures close to i8ft. water line, 
with 6oolbs. for weight of crew on board, but will easily 
come under 17ft. 6in. waterline with the 45olbs. required 
under the Seawanhaka rule. This will allow her the 
limit of 500ft. of sail. It will be quite a reduction from 
her present 670ft., but she will carry less live weight and 
should be better in a breeze. Neither her owner nor her 
designer expect to win out against the new Crowinshield 
boat for the Bridgeport syndicate, but they are looking 
for sport, and expect to get it. 
The new boat is a little narrower than Duchess, and is 
also more on the "scow" model, and should have the ad- 
vantage of Duchess in ordinary racing weather. It is 
hoped to "try out" the new boat with Duchess in some 
of the races here before taking her to Long Island Sound. 
Duchess will probably lose her chances of winning the 
Y. R. A. championship again, because of the change in 
her rig, but she has had "heap plenty" honor in that 
direction already. 
_ It is also reported that a second new defender, in addi- 
tion to that ordered by Com.^oss, will be built at Dorval. 
If You Want the Whitest and Best 
WHITE LEAD use " ENGLISH B. B." Of all paint dealers .and of J. 
Lee Smith & Co., 59 Frankfort street, and F. W. Devoe & C. T. Ray- 
nolds Co , 101 Fulton street, New York.— 
Maryland Sportsmen's Exposition* 
Revolver Contests. 
The conditions governing the revolver contests, April 18 and 19, 
Baltimore, Md., are as follows: ' 
"Military" revolver contest, any revolver issued hy U. S. Govern- 
ment to .State troops, having fixed regulation sights. Ammunitioa 
— Service cartridge or caliber used. Thirty shots, in six-shot scores; 
cleaning allowed between scores. Contestants are permitted 30 
minutes to complete the entire score. Range — Twenty measured 
yards. Four-inch bull counts 5; Gin. ring counts 4; Sin. ring counts 
3; balance of card counts 2. Contestants — ^Any member of any- 
military organization in the service of the State of Maryland. . 
Where unknown to the manager, credentials will be required. En- 
trance fee — ?2, including cartridges and entrance to the grounds. 
Position — Arm extended, free from any support. Prizes — First, 
gold medal and amateur championship of Maryland, with mili- 
tary revolver; second, silver medal; third, bronze medal. Ties — • 
Shooting is class shooting, the three highest scores to win, and 
all ties must be shot off in six-shot scores until decided. Shoot- 
ing will begin at 3 P. M., April IS, and entries may be made at 
any time thereafter up to 9 P. M., after which the entry list will 
be closed. Shooting will stop promptly at 10 P. M., and unfinished 
scores or ties will be shot off the following day, at a time to be 
designated by the manager. Contestants are required to shoot as 
soon after making their entry as possible, so there shall be no un- 
necessary delay. The gallery will be open in the morning for prac- 
tice to all bona-fide entries. 
Conditions of "Any" revolver cblltest! Any TevolVer and any 
ammunition. Range— Twenty measured yards, Target— Standard 
American target, reduced for 20yds. Bull counts 5] first ring, 4;. 
stcond ring, 1; balance of card, 2, Position — .Arm extended, free 
from any support. Number of shots — Thirty, in six-shot scores; 
cleaning allowed between scores. Entrance fee— 12. Ammuni- 
tion extra. Division of money— One-fourth of entrance fees to 
go to management; the other three-fourths to be divided into 
40, 30, 20 and 10 per cent. Class shooting, ties to be shot oflE 
in six- shot scores until decided. Contestants— Anybody can enter 
this contest by paying entrance fee. The manager is sole ref- 
.4 
