404 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
[May i8gg. 
body's mind is made up how to make the "cast," how to 
bring guns and gunners to the supreme moment of action. 
There was some pretty stalking; some unexpected de- 
lay. "Rome was not built in a day." Patience — already 
tested^ — was now required as a virtue. Well may the 
quarry be called Rangifer caribou; their range is great. 
But here, at last, is a line of fresh beds in snow and moss ; 
here are the well-known signs of browsing, and there, 
that's nothing more nor less than the antlers of a fine 
stag, showing clearly on the sky line, over the brow of a 
not distant mound. "They're off!" "Yes, they're off!" 
the stag with the antlers leading in a .series of bounds. 
A well-directed shot from the rifle of one brings him 
down, as fine a specimen of the caribou as he had pre- 
viously, or ha.s since, shot, and it was one of very many. 
This was followed by many succeeding shots, by many 
succeeding bounds on the part of the quarry: by many 
devices on the part of the gunners to aim and fire with 
effect ; with the final result of as many caribou as we had 
planned to take, lying conspicuously on tlie "fighting line" 
in the crisp snow. 
There was well-founded joy in camp that night that the 
apparent failure had been changed to success ; and there 
was fresh joy the following day when the colonel wel- 
comed the successful sportsmen to the barrack grounds, 
where the enclosed photographs — historic scene — was 
taken, from which was engraved the regimental center- 
piece, an heirloom that accompanies this splendid regi- 
ment, the East Yorkshire, in its many wanderings in the 
empire of the Good Queen — an empire upon which the 
sun never sets. Mic M.\c. 
Fredericton, New Brunswick. 
"Woman and Field Spofts, 
I HAVE often thought that it was a great pity that our 
wives and sisters and daughters did not indulge in out- 
door sports more. They would soon learn to love' them, 
and derive health and happiness from them. There is no 
reason why they should be debarred. If they could 
handle the revolver, rifle and shotgun with accuracy it 
would be something they should be proud of and one 
from which they would derive ^ great deal of pleasant 
and healthy exercise; and such knowledge might some- 
time be of great service to them, and would tend to. give 
them more self-confidence. A woman who can pull an 
oar, cast a fly and land the wary trout, or bring to grass 
the whirring partridge or the swift-flying duck, has an 
accomplishment she should be proud of. She would en- 
joy the rambles through the stubble with dog and gun, 
or the excursions on the lakes with rod and reel, or the 
camp-fire and tent life in the woods, and find in them 
the much needed fresh air and exercise. 
No doubt some old crusty sportsman will say that 
camp is no place for a lady. Well, of course that de- 
pends on the camp and its mernbers. A camp that is 
not fit for your wife and children is not fit for you. A 
good many would-be sportsmen's idea ia that a camp 
hunt means a grand drunk. Now, it does seem to me 
that if that was my idea, instead of going so far and 
spending so much, I yvould stay close by some good 
bar till I was completely, satisfied or disgusted. 
Take the women and children into camp. It will be 
all the purer for their' presence; it will give you pleas- 
ure to see them happy and growing strong and healthier. 
And with the roses blooming on the wan cheeks and the 
bright sparkle in their eyes, denoting^ good humor and 
health, you will also note a lessening of the doctors visits 
and in your drug bills. . C. L. Bradley. 
Tennessee. ; 
Another ,Wotd in Appreciation. 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
In recent years many beautiful things have appeared 
in your columns, but none that have appealed more 
strongly to me than the recent article by Mr. W. W. 
Hastings entitled, "Types of Sportsmen. — I" Many 
years I have lived a "far cry" from the old homestead, 
and as I settled down in my den for a pleasant hour 
with Forest and Stream, 1 was strangely moved when 
my eye fell upon the article I have mentioned. I was 
carried back many years to scenes to "memory dear." 
The streams and woods that caused me the loss of so 
many lessons, familiar faces of dear, dear friends who 
long ago passed "beneath that low, green tent whose 
curtain never outward swings," all seem present before 
me. Green is the memory of a trip home on a shutter, 
after having emptied father's gun of gin. of hornet's nest 
and blasting powder, after having been many tmies ad- 
monished not to touch it. I travel again the well-known 
forest ways with dog and gun and faithful friends; we 
are again setting a line of traps and watching for the- 
first breaking of the ice in the trout streams; agam we 
gather the first wild flowers. The time passes unheeded 
]until the fall of the back log in the grate brings me back 
again to the present. 
Blest be memory, which takes us back agam to boy- 
hood days. C. J, Halpen. 
Haverhill, Mass. 
In Appalachian America. 
No one who has ridden, as I have, through the silent 
lengths of that great region, can fail to have his iraagma- 
tion touched by what he has seen— the almost hmitless 
forests lying there untouched upon the long slopes of 
the towering hills, as if they had been there keepmg 
their counsel and holding their secrets ever since the 
creation; and here and there in the little clearings the 
houses of a secluded people, as reticent as the hdls 
about them, slow to speak, their eyes watchful holding- 
back the secrets of their quiet life.— Prof. Woodrow Wil- 
son in the Bevan Quarterly. 
'Take inventory of the good things in this issue of 
Forest and Stream. Recall what a fund was given 
last week. Count on what is to come next week 
Was there ever in all the world a more abundant 
weekly store of sportsmen's reading? 
The Forest and Stream is put to press each week on Tuesday- 
Correspondence intended for publication should reach us at the 
latest by Monday and as much earlier as practicabtej.. 
Bob White in Town. 
Hudson, N. Y., May 15. — Editor Forest and Stream: 
On my way to business at 8 o'clock this morning, and 
while passing the grounds surrounding the Presbyterian 
church, I heard a familiar whistle, one that will make 
a sportsman stop short or change his gait to a tip-toe 
and make him peep in ever}' nook and corner to find 
where it comes from. I was not long in climbing over 
the fence enclosing the ground, and there 1 saw a pair 
of quail, as natural as could be, and apparently as much 
at home as they would have been in some field miles 
from civilization, instead of in the heart of the town. I 
ran for the camera, but before I could get back again 
and near enough, one flew on to the church, the other 
out into the street, and lit on the sidewalk in front of 
a grocery store. I enclose the snap-shot I caught of it 
on the sidewalk. 
While I was looking after this pair a covey of fifteen 
were located In the park in front of the court house, 
and there they were undisturbed for some time, until 
some boys coming along, thought they were little chick- 
ens, and trie4 to catch them, when they flew to a neigh- 
A WILD QUAIL IN CITY STREETS. 
Photo by Mr. G. Hills. 
bor's grounds. They wete not at all wild, and 1 t^ink 
must have been released somewhere near here within a 
day or two, as we have not known of so large a covey 
anywhere in this vicinity. If this should come to the 
notice of anyone in this county or the adjacent counties 
who has released quail within a week, I would be pleased 
to hear from him. 
I have just heard of the death of one of the quail. A 
friend's cat caught it on his lawn. G. Hills. 
The Brush Deer. 
C. macrotis, var. virgulius. 
Range: northwestern Minnesota and southeastern Kewatin, Mani- 
toba; Rainy River, Lake of the Woods, Red Lake and Roseau 
region. 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
I am happy to summarize for your consideration my 
protracted investigations in northwestern Minnesota dur- 
ing the eleven years 1880-91 of a variety of black-tailed 
deer which occupy a limited area on both sides of the 
international boundary and are locally known as brush 
'deer and jumping deer. The last describes a habit and 
the first his habitat, and is therefore the most appropriate 
:as a distinctive appellation. I have arbitrarily desig- 
nated it as Cariacus virgultus. In the early years of the 
decade above mentioned they were tolerably abundant, 
and a trio of hunters headed by Dean Benson secured 
as many as five in three days in December of 1882, and 
brought the carcasses into the town of Hallock, which 
was then, as now, the county seat of Kittson county, 
Minn. They stood on view for a number of days, and 
at last a land-looker from Pennsylvania, whose name and 
residence I have forgotten, bought the largest and finest 
buck specimen and shipped It away for mounting. It 
is barely possible that his address can even now be ob- 
tained from Horace Sutton, merchant, of Gadls, Roseau 
county, Minn. [Roseau was segregated^ from Kittson 
some ten years ago as a new county.] The balance of 
the deer were cut up for meat and the skins were sold 
.as ordinary pelts for $1.50 apiece. It is to be deprecated 
that someone was not sufficiently alert in the interest 
■of science to take advantage of an opportunity which 
never could be bettered to secure male and female speci- 
mens. Later on I made special endeavors to do so, and 
in 1890 I obtained a permit from' the State for one James 
Fullerton to shoot brush deer out of season for the 
State University and the Smithsonian Institution. He 
procured a doe, which he duly shipped to Minneapolis, 
but not receiving the pay which he expected, wrote me 
an order on Henry F. Nachtrich, professor of animal 
hiology at the university with bill for the deer, which I 
have now. I presume the specimen is still in its collec- 
tion. Some two years previous to this, Mr. L. Booker, 
president of a private bank in Pembina, N. D., had a 
fine mounted male specimen at his residence. I am not 
aware of the existence of any but the three mentioned. 
My visits to Hallock were annual and confined to the 
closed season for^deer. and Fullerton moved to Wyom- 
ing not long after, so that his efforts ceased there. 
To summarize and differentiate, I find this brush deer 
so unique in many essential characteristics as to startle 
zoologists who had previously recognized or been cogni- 
:^ant of only the accepted varieties of the Cn'vids. As 
far as I can learn from Chiefs Koopenar and Mikenok, 
of the Roseau Indian Reservation, and from the best 
wlnte local hunters, they are scarcely known beyond the 
tract of country which lies between the Rainy River on 
the east and the Red River of the North on the west, and 
embraces an area of some 10,000 square miles. The Red 
Lake country and the Lake of the Woods define its 
southern and northern limits respectively. There is a 
strip of prairie about twenty miles wide skirting its 
western border along the Red River bottom, which is 
fully occupied by farmers, and some settlers have pushed 
well into the timber to the eastward; but until the miners 
and prospectors came In numbers there was no Interior 
population except a few Indians. I wrote Chicago Field 
from Minnesota in 1884: 
"It is among the brush which fringes the edge of this 
timber and separates It from the prairie that the as- 
sumed variety of deer In question has hitherto been found 
and killed by local hunters. They are known as brush 
deer, from their being found in the brush, to which their 
winter coat very nearly assimilates In color, as well _ as 
from the shape of their tails, which are short, thick 
and bristling, like brushes used in cleaning bottles. They 
are not familiar to hunters from other sections' and are 
the subjects of much curiosity and comment therefrom. 
The common red deer (white-tail) is rare in this imme- 
diate vicinity. 
"T have taken especial pains to note the markings and 
structural characteristics of this deer, and to make meas- 
urements; and having had five specimens, of both sexes 
and different ages, under inspection at one time, and 
found them all to agree in general features, I have been 
able to reach conclusions which might not be justified 
by a single specimen. One big buck (the largest) stood 
3ft. sin. high at the shoulder and measured sft. in length 
frotn tip of nose to end of tail; girth, 4ft. around the 
body and 2ft. around the neck, which was short and thick- 
set. Body hair, dark gray, profusely sprinkled with long 
black and white hairs; forehead, broad and protruding, 
and black to the eyes; face and throat, light gray, shading 
to jet black on the breast and over the entire belly; tip 
of nose, black; ears, black; rump, light gray; tail, 6In. 
long, stubby, the upper half pure white, the lower half 
jet black; hocks, tawny; hoofs, 3in. long; antlers, com- 
paratively small, short and very symmetrical, with seven 
prongs to each. Weight of animal on the hoof, soolbs. 
"The tail is somewhat similar to that of C. macrotis, but 
of uniform thickness its whole length, while that of its 
congener is shaped more like a mule's. The markings 
are different, and so are its habits. Its antlers are very 
much smaller and its weight less. As to the true black- 
"ISits of the continental divide and the Pacific Coast, 
they are not nearly so chunky, and their general col- 
oration and markings are also different. The coat is 
several shades lighter at the same season, and their 
throats and bellies are Invariably white. Col. E._ S. 
Bond, of Chicago, examined several carload consign- 
ments with me, and all were white. Their tails are much 
longer, broader, flatter, niore spindling, with a small 
black tuft on the end about one-fifth of the length. Horns 
are much larger, more spreading, and more scraggy. 
In short, there are scarcely three breeds of cattle to be 
found so strikingly dissimilar In their appearance. When 
startled, the brush deer gather their forefeet together 
and seem to jump rather than bound, a habit which 
makes them hard to hit. They are Invariably hunted 
from the saddle with a short rifle. Buckshot are no 
good, as the brush is too dense. Long shots are the rule. 
Two hunters in partnership succeed the best, for obvious 
reasons. Tracking is the method in favor, but deer are 
often jumped from the brush. Without horses very lit- 
tle ground could be covered without fatigue, and it would 
be a task to pack dead meat through deep snows for any 
distance to a camp." , 
Synchronous reference was made to this discovery of 
the brush deer in the St. Paul Pioneer Press of Feb. 7, 
1884, which reported as follows: 
"Mr. Hallock has made the interesting discovery, 
which Spencer Baird accepts as gratifyingly important, 
that the brush-tail deer is found in Minnesota. Mr. 
Hallock's residence in the northern part of this State has 
given him advantages for observation which led to this 
addition to what is known of the deer species m the 
Northwest." . . ^. . , 
From Indian Agent Grim, at Dominion City, Manitoba, 
I have just learned that the Indian name for the species of 
brush deer which I have named virgultus would be 
"Muck-a-tay-wan-wish." This in distinction from the 
class or genus of deer known as "jumping deer," as dis- 
tinguished from others which trot, or run. The Indian 
designation for jumping deer in general is Wa-wash-kay- 
ohe. Charles Hallock. 
Animal Cemeteries. 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
In the story of one of my trips to the woods, printed 
in yours of Jan. 14 and 21 last, I mentioned that my 
guide showed me a place where he said the caribou 
came to shed their horns, and that he went ashore and 
found a pair. 
The idea of the animals seeking a definite place for this 
purpose was quite new to me, but lately the efficient 
s-uperlntendent of game and fisheries at Quebec, L. Z. 
Joncas, Esq., has told me that they do frequent such 
places, and that this habit was quite well known to him. 
He knew of many (and mentioned several) places where 
horns could almost certainly be found at any time. And 
not only do they go to shed their horns, but they go 
there to die. These places are known as cemeteries, and 
whole skeletons are occasionally found. This, however, 
would be rare, as the bones would usually be torn apart 
and scattered by bears and other carnivorse. 
Mr. Joncas instanced the case of a gentleman going 
to a certain region for geological exploration, who asked 
for a permit to shoot a moose out of season in order 
to get a good pair of antlers. He was told that by di- 
verging a little from his route he might reach a place 
where he would find plenty of them. He did so and se- 
cured five excellent specimens. 
This may be a very old story to thousands of your 
readers, but as I had never heard or read of It before 
I made a note of what seemed to me an interesting 
point. It would account for one so rarely finding bones 
or horns lying about loose in the woods. 
G, DE MONT.\UBAN. 
QUEBE^ 
