174 
Variation in the Price and Supply of Wheat. 
Westphalia is similar in character, being also within the limits 
of the great plain of North Germany, except the southern half, 
which is covered with small mountain chains, offsets of the 
Hartz, 
Wurtemburfi, formerly agricultural, has, within the last 15 
years, become one of the German manufacturing States. The 
mineral products are iron and salt, and the native manufactures 
are those of cotton, linen, wool, and the working of metals. 
These trades have absorbed labourers, to the injury of the landed 
proprietors. Rents have fallen, and farmers have turned their 
attention to the production of meat, hops, flax, beet-root, and 
Avine, instead of cereals. Corn is imported from Hungary in 
increasing quantities, and more cattle are raised in W urtemburg 
in proportion to its area than in any other German state except 
Bavaria. The following Is the estimated number of cattle, per 
square mile, according to German statistics : — Bavaria, 662 ; 
Wurtemburg, 552 ; Hanover, 495 ; Prussia, 303. 
Prussia. — We extract the following from a recent Report by 
Mr. Lowther, Secretary of Embassy at Berlin : — 
Prussia is one of the best peopled -countries of Europe. 
The increase of population since 1816 has been far greater than 
that of France and Austria, and almost on a par with that of 
Great Britain and Russia. The consumption per head, per 
annum, was then estimated at Al. 10s,, at the present time at 6Z. ; 
so that the inhabitants of the old Prussian provinces must pro- 
duce 69,000,000/. more than they did in 1816. The woods and 
forests, especially in the provinces of Brandenburg and the 
Rhine, are very extensive, occupying one-fourth of the area of 
the old provinces of Prussia. The agriculture is very varied ; 
the vine and tobacco covering a large area. The cultivation of 
hops has greatly increased, especially in Posen, and the growers 
have made large fortunes. Various plants are grown for oil, 
colour, flavour, and for textile fabrics ; fruit-trees are much 
cultivated in the valleys of the Rhine, in Saxony, Brandenburg, 
and Silesia. Silk-worm culture has been recently much encou- 
raged. The number of bee-hives is estimated at more than 
1,000,000 1 The new territories are chiefly agricultural, and 
the breeding of cattle is more considerable than in the old 
territories, where manufacturing and commercial industry are 
more general. The number of animals in all Prussia, according 
to the last list, is about 6,600,000 oxen, 22,000,000 sheep, and 
4,000,000 pigs, besides 2,200,000 horses. 
There has been a great Increase in mining industry, especially 
that of coal and iron, in consequence of railway and manufac- 
turing demands. Prussia is rich In minerals and coal, and her 
various factories are increasing and thriving. Agricultural ma- 
