240 Variation in the Pi-ice and Supply of Wheat. 
various brandies have been made ia the interior to the large towns of Zagazig, 
Mehallat-cl-Kt'bir, Mansurah, and very shortly the latter line will be com- 
pleted northwards to Damietta. A new line is also making to Suez. It will 
lea\-e the main line at Bcuba, 30 miles from Cairo, will pass through Balbies 
and ZazaziiT, and follow the fresh-water line to Suez. It will not be shorter 
than the present line, but will go through a more productive country (the 
valley of Goshen), and will cost little in making and maintaining iu repair. 
The present lino through the desert entails enormous wear and tear on the 
material I'mm the numerous curves and steep inclines, besides the expense of 
carrying all tlie water required. In a distance of 45 miles it rises 900 feet. 
The Viceroy is also constructing a line southward from Cairo. It is finished 
as far as Benisonef, 70 miles, and will shortly be opened to Minieh, 120 miles. 
It is said to be the intention of the Viceroy to carry it to Keneh, near Thebes, 
from whence to Cossier, a port on the Eed Sea, it is 90 miles. To extend the 
line eventually to the ancient Berenin, and make it the port for mail steamers 
is also said to be a plan of the Viceroy's. 
The telegraph is in ojicratiou to all the towns, and almost every village of 
importance in Lower Egypt. It is opened as far south as Assouan, and is being 
continued under the superintendence of Mr. Hartley Gisborne to Khartoum. 
In many districts, especially about latitude 20°, it has been found necessary to 
have iron posts, the white ants destroying wooden ones iu a few hours. 
TUEKEY. 
GALLIPOLI. Report by Mr. Cok&ul Whitaker tor 1861. — The quan- 
tity of barley in this neighbourhood is very considerable, but it is chiefly 
exported by way of Rodosto and Enos, or some other port in the Gulf of Saros. 
That grown towards the south is the best, weighing from 40 lbs. to 47Hhs. 
per bushel, while that ijroduced further north is seldom over 43 lbs. to 
432 lbs. per bushel. It is less esteemed in the English market than the 
Anatolia barley, but it is quite equal to that of the Danube. 
Indian corn forms an important item of local jiroduce, and is popular also as 
an article of food among the peasants. The produce of the villages of the 
Peninsula is all that is exported by way of Gallipoli ; that grown in other 
districts is shipped \>y way of Enos or Lagos. The quality is in all re- 
spects equal to Danube grain, and commands the same price in the English 
markets. 
Ilye is grown by the peasants for their own consumption ; they mix it with 
Indian corn, and thus make a nutritious but very black bread. 
The quality of oats is very inferior. 
Wheat is in great favour with the agriculturists of this province, and 
several varieties were produced, most of which are well known in the British 
markets. 
The bulk of the wheat grown in the northern district is of the same 
quality as that known as " Baljik wheat," only that the hard and soft varieties 
are for the most part mixed. Further south the grain improves in quality, 
and in the neighbourhood of Balair and over the Peninsula it is very fine. It 
is worthy to be mentioned that all the vegetable products of the Peninsula, 
or Thracian Chersou, are of remarkably fine growth, exhibiting a marked 
.superiority over the produce further inland. 
The wheat of the southern districts of the province gives a weight of 62 lbs. 
to 63 lbs. per bushel, and it is only far towards the north that it sometimes falls 
short of the standard weight (60 lbs. per bushel). 
If there were a good carriageable road or railroad between Gallipoli and 
Adrianoi)ie, the quantity of grain in excess of local wants which would be 
carried to Gallipoli for shipment would be little short of half a million of 
quarters. 
