Variation in the Price and Supply of Wheat. 255 
corn, oats, lyc, potatoes, sweet potatoes, peas, rice, cotton, tobacco, turpentine, 
grapes, and fruit. Wheat and corn are produced with facility and abundance 
in all parts ; rye, oats, and potatoes, flourisli iu the middle and western regions ; 
rice, sweet potatoes, and peas in the eastern ; tobacco in the middle ; cotton in 
the southern counties of the middle, and iu the eastern section ; turpentine and 
pine lumber are peculiar to the east. The fruits most extensively and largely 
cultivated are the apple, peach, pear, and cherry, represented by numerous 
varieties. No part of the continent is better adapted to these than the middle 
and western regions. The principal grasses are the orchard, herd's, timothy, 
and blue, to which must be added clover and lucerne. All these flourish in 
the middle and western regions, and some of them grow wild ; hence, stock 
raising is easy and profitable. The stock chiefly raised are horses, mules, cows, 
sheep, and hogs. The grapes usually cultivated, besides foreign varieties, are 
the Scuppernong, Catawba, Lincoln, and Isabella, all natives of the State, the 
first three being excellent wine grapes. The following abstract from the United 
States Census Report for 1860 will best show the productions and capabilities 
of the State : — 
Annual Pioduct. 
Livestock 3,326,000 
Wheat bushels 4,700,000 
Corn .. .. „ 30,000,000 
Oats „ 2,800,000 
Rye 437,000 
Peas , 1,900,000 
Potatoes „ 830,000 
Sweet Potatoes „ 6,140,000 
Cotton lbs. 58,000,000 
Tobacco , 32,900,000 
Rice „ 7,600,000 
Wool ,, 883,000 
Honey „ 2,055,000 
Turpentine barrels 1,000,000 
The Manufactures are chiefly cotton, wool, spirits of turpentine, lumber, 
iron, and paper. 
Minerals. — The most important of these are coal, iron, gold, copper, silver, 
lead, plumbago, limestone, marble, agolmatolite, soapstone, manganese, whet- 
stones, grindstones, roofing slates, porcelain clay, and fire clay. The coal is 
bituminous, and exists in two beds, situated respectively 100 and 200 miles 
from the coast, on Cape Pear Eiver, and on Dan Rivpr. It is abundant, 
accessible, and of good quality. Iron ore, of excellent quality, abounds in all 
parts of the State ; the principal seat of its manufacture being on the Cape 
Fear, Catawba, and Yadkin rivers. Gold is found in almost all parts of the 
State, especially in the middle region ; the annual product for many years has 
been 250,000 dollars. Copper mines abound in the middle, northern, and 
"western counties. Plumbago is found in great abundance near the capital, 
and again in the western region ; marble in the middle and western ; and marl 
everywhere in the eastern section. 
A chain of silver and lead mines (containing gold also) traverses the central 
portion of the State. 
The Population in 1860 was 992,622, of which one-third are coloured, 
and 3293 are of foreign birth. One-tenth of the population live in towns and 
cities. 
Land. — According to the census of 1860, there were 6,500,000 acres of im- 
proved land, being about one-fifth of the area of the State. The price at 
which these lands are held ranges from about 3 dollars to 100 dollars per acre; 
the average would be about Tj. 
