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Farm Reports. 
granite, trap, quartz, and sandstone — most of which are more or 
less rounded by aqueous action. This subsoil occurs on the 
bottoms of most of the Wold-valleys ; and in some places it 
reaches a little way up the skirts of the hills. It is covered with 
a thin open soil, much mixed with material from the subsoi! 
(See No. 4 on the map).— J. R. M." 
The spur of chalk on which the Eastburn Farm is situated is 
covered on its northern side with the gravel just described as 
No. 3 (marked No. 4 on the map), the top-soil being very thin 
and light, especially in the lower ground near the railway, where 
it is gravelly. The higher ground exhibits a soil gradually 
increasing in strength and depth as one ascends the hill, and 
near the highest ground, namely, near the Warren, the gravel 
subsoil ceases, and its place is taken by the drift clay described 
by Mr. Mortimer as No. 2 (marked No. 3 on the map), which 
is here covered with about 18 inches of soil. Near the junction 
of these formations, and also on the other side of the drift clay, 
the underlying chalk comes so close to the surface, that it 
might almost be mapped as actually cropping out. 
The geological features of the remainder of the farm are very 
peculiar, and are best described by Mr. Mortimer, who says, 
'■ The subsoil of the most southern division — the Carrs — consists 
of slightly raised banks of chalk gravel, between which are beds 
of peat, and occasionally clay (marked No. 1 on the map). From 
under the northern side of these a ' loamy clay ' containing 
boulders (marked No. 2 on the map), crops up," and reaches 
northwards a considerable way up the southern slope of the 
chalk formation. The feather-edge of this ' loamy clay ' is but a 
few inches thick at its northern limit, and rests immediately on 
the chalk." 
The soil upon this portion of the farm partakes of the nature 
of the subsoil, and its thickness follows a rule precisely opposite 
to that prevailing on the gravel land to the north. Instead of 
the depth and strength of soil increasing with the height, the 
opposite is now the case. The only essential physical difference 
in the two cases seems to furnish the explanation of this anomaly, 
namely, that we now have to deal with a wet valley of very slight 
slope, the soil on the sides of which consists of the mud (or 
warp) deposited by the stream in times gone by ; whereas in 
the other case the valleys are dry, and their slopes have been 
denuded of any alluvial soil which may formerly have covered 
them, by an agency which has also deepened the valleys, and in- 
creased the pitch of their sloping sides. 
The farm consists, therefore, of two natural subdivisions, the 
northern of which, being the lighter land, is almost entirely 
arable ; and the southern or stronger portion, one-half of which is 
