Easthurn Farm, near Driffield, Yorkshire. 
407 
three or four ordinary vvaggonloads to the acre. By this means 
the growth of the clover is greatly accelerated, and a good top is 
obtained to plough in. This herbage has been proved to be of the 
greatest value to the succeeding crop of wheat. About the 
middle of October the land is ploughed to a depth of four inches, 
a presser with drill attached following the plough, and drilling 
about 3 bushels of seed to the acre. The principal kind grown 
is the Brovvick red, about 1 bushel of a white sort being mixed 
with 8 bushels of the red. Previous to sowing the seed is 
dressed with a strong solution of arsenic dried up with quick- 
lime. 
All the strong land wheat is got in by the first week in 
November, if possible ; because, owing to the severe winter 
climate of this district, it is most important to secure a strong 
plant before the frosts fairly set in, otherwise a very large pro- 
portion of it is lost during the winter months. 
The light land for wheat is ploughed and pressed earlier than 
the strong land, the same quantity of farmyard manure having 
been used. It is allowed to remain five or six weeks, and is 
then drilled with the same kinds and quantity of seed as the 
strong land, athwart the ploughing, wheat sowing being com- 
pleted by the second week in November. 
In February the light land wheat receives a top-dressing of 
guano and salt distributed broadcast, and in the first fine weather 
the land is harrowed and Cambridge rolled. 
Wheat is cut by a reaper unless it is too much lodged, or the 
crop is too heavy. After cutting it is sheafed and immediately 
stooked. Mowing with the scythe, whether wheat, barley, or 
oats, costs on an average IQs. per acre, including sheafing, 
stooking, and raking ; and when stacked the thatching is done 
at the rate of three-halfpence the squai*e yard, including drawing 
the straw from a straw rick and cross-banding. 
Leading is done with a pair-horse pole-waggon ; and the 
corn is stacked in carefully made round ricks, each of which 
contains enough for a day's threshing by a portable steam 
engine. 
2. Roots. — The wheat stubbles are ploughed five or six inches 
deep in the autumn, immediately after wheat sowing is finished. 
As soon as the land is dry enough in the spring it is cross 
ploughed, or "quarted." After the usual amount of dragging and 
harrowing, the land, especially that intended for swedes, receives 
as much foldyard manure as remains available after manuring for 
the wheat crop, being that which is made during the latter part of 
the year. It then receives a third and last ploughing — an opera- 
tion which is regarded as most essential in the case of swedes. 
On the seven-course system there are, as already stated, two 
VOL. V. — S. S. 2 E 
