424 
Farm Reports. 
The prevailing system of payment is at a certain price per 
acre for the whole of the white crops on the farm, the prices for 
1868 having been IO5. Qd. per acre for Aylesby, 9^. 6J. for Riby, 
and 8s. 6rf. for Rothwell. These prices include mowing, sheaf- 
ing, stooking, raking, &c. ; in short, getting ready for the wag- 
gons. Threshing is done entirely under a hiring or letting 
system, the whole of the corn to be threshed being let out at a 
certain price per quarter all round, the man wlio takes the contract 
performing every operation except stacking the straw and carry- 
ing the corn into the barn. When an elevator is required the 
contractor finds it. The prices paid are Is. %d. per quarter for 
wheat, and Is. 5c?. for barley ; but the whole of the white crops 
are generally taken at Is. 6J. per quarter all round. Grinding 
is also done at the same price. 
2. Roots. — Immediately after harvest. Glover's paring plough is 
extensively used on the stubbles, as the first operation in the pre- 
paration of the land for roots. The strong land stubbles are then 
broken up, in the autumn, by the steam-cultivator ; the light land 
stubbles are ploughed, a two-horse iron grubber sometimes follow- 
ing the plough. On the land intended for swedes and mangolds 
half the manure, namely, five or six two-horse loads per acre, is 
put on during the winter, and the same quantity in the ridges at the 
time of sowing. Upon the stronger land for turnips about 3 cwts. 
per acre of guano is drilled in the open ridges upon the dung, 
and a smaller quantity than in other cases of superphosphate and 
ashes is drilled with the seed. On the lighter soils the principal 
artificial manure for swedes and common turnips is dissolved 
bones, which are drilled with the seed at the rate of about 4 cwts. 
to the acre. 
The land for mangolds gets, as already stated, half a dressing 
of farmyard-manure ; then from 3 to 4 cwts. of salt, mixed with 
2 cwts. of guano and dissolved in water, are put on the ridges by 
the liquid-manure drill ; afterwards from 3 to 4 cwts. of super- 
phosphate is drilled with the seed ; and, finally, the land receives 
the remainder of its quota of farmyard-manure. The latitude of 
Aylesby is so far north that it would be impossible to grow 
mangolds without a deal of encouragement being given them. 
Mr. Torr gives all his roots a heavy dressing of manure, as he 
does not, as a rule, manure seeds. 
In the spring, cultivation is principally performed by strong 
Finlayson drags, and another portion of the stubbles is steam- 
cultivated. By these means the ordinary ploughing of fallows is 
very materially lessened, and, as a system, Mr. Torr much prefers 
dragging to ploughing in the spring. 
The ridges having been rolled down, root-sowing commences 
in April with yellow globe mangolds, of which about 20 acres 
