444 
Farm Reports. 
land. They plough up the ley 6 inches on this formation, and, as 
the soil is very thin upon the light land it does not answer to 
bury the turf too deeply. They look to get clean fallows imme- 
diately after the harvest, and have the heavy clay land sown 
by October 15th, and the rest within the month. On the clay 
land wheat is generally sown after beans and oats. The land is 
ploughed and then scuffled and cleaned, and then ploughed 8 
inches deep for fallows. It is not the practice to sow spring 
wheat, and the autumn seed is steeped in a solution of sulphate 
of copper. Seven pecks per acre for wheat, 12 for barley, and 
16 for oats is the general sowing allowance. Labourers do 
not seem to have the hand for the broadcast swing which they 
had formerly, and therefore it is always drilled in at 6 inches, 
which is not too narrow, as it is not followed by the horse- 
hoe. The sheep are not run as a rule over the wheat after 
January, and it is rolled in the spring when the land will bear 
horses. In a wet summer the sand land preserves a standing-up 
crop, whereas in a dry the clay does best. The clay carries most 
straw, but in a wet summer they get as much barley straw on sand 
land as on the clay. In ordinary seasons the crop of straw on 
the clay land, as compared with the sand, is very much larger, 
and they generally calculate on 2 tons of wheat straw. The 
most is obtained from the Essex Rough Chaff. Sheriff's wheat 
straw is so fine below the head, that it will not bear a large 
produce. 
They do not plough deep for barley, and always make it a 
point to plough it dry and sow it dry. If sown wet, it is very 
rarely a good crop. As a general rule the barley cannot go in 
too dry, while wheat ought to be put in moderately wet. The 
Chevalier barley should be sown if possible in March or sooner. 
They drill in 12 pecks, and generally grow about 5 quarters per 
acre. 
The land in course for turnips is manured at the latter end of 
the year, and the dung ploughed in where practicable. It is not 
touched again except in dry weather and then with light harrows 
before sowing time. If ihere is plenty of manure no phosphate is 
used. Sometimes guano has been substituted for the latter with 
three quarters of half-inch bones to the acre and a half-dressing 
(10 loads) of manure. So far only a few ox cabbages have been 
grown. Three-fourths of the turnips are swedes, which are sown 
during the last fortnight in May on clay land and up to June 
7th on the sand. Thirty tons of them have been grown per acre 
on the clay land. The white are eaten by sheep on the sand 
land, and 20 tons are thought a good crop. The swedes are drawn 
and pulped for cattle all the winter and mixed with chaff. Man- 
golds did remarkably well last year, and so did the swedes until 
