Hexgrave and Leyfields. 
445 
the middle of August, when they were bit with Aphis vastator 
and went back so completely that they had to be rcsown. The 
beans (their best preparation for wheat) are only taken off the clay 
land, and are always sown 18 inches apart so as to get in the 
horse-hoe. 
The old grass land is eaten with bullocks or drape beasts ; they 
lie out until October and then the younger store beasts and 
sheep go on. Beasts that have been on the seeds, if there is 
plenty of straw, are brought into the yards not later than 
JVovember, but even then they are out a little by day. Mr. 
Parkinson does not breed any cows, but buys those which have 
bad 1 or 2 calves from the dairies and cottagers, and feeds them 
off. Bulls are fed off as well, and occasionally a bull is run 
with the cows in order to keep them still during the summer. 
Sometimes calves are bought, and reared upon cows which only 
give a small quantity of milk, and taken off at the latter end of 
the year. They are generally kept till they are two years old, 
and caked and setoned as calves for black water. No string is 
put into the hole, but uva; ursi are inserted with a lump of grease, 
which swell the breast, cause a strong discharge, and gradually 
TOt out. If the cows take kindly to them the calves run with 
them on seeds during the summer. After November the drape 
cows are kept tied up, or in separate boxes, as they knock each 
other about so much in the yards, and the calves are kept in 
the yards on pulped turnips, 1 lb. or lb. of oilcake, barley 
straw, oat straw, and wheat chaff with pulp. The drapes are 
generally sold out to butchers about May 1st. 
No pigs are bred, but they are purchased in September from 
the cottagers round, kept a year, and finished off on barley flour, 
when they make some 28 stone of 14 lbs. Palm-nut meal is 
used, and they will take to it if they have never tasted barley 
flour and see nothing else but wash and green stuff. The meal 
costs 16/. 55. for 2 tons, delivery included, and as 12 pigs eat it, 
and are generally worth about Al. 10s. apiece more when it is 
finished, it pays a good percentage. It is steeped in water and 
put into troughs like wash. 
The flock consists of 170 ewes at Leyfields and 400 at 
Hexgrave. They -are bred originally from Burgess and Wiley, 
but for 15 years Lincoln tups have been used, and increased 
the weight of the fleece not a little. The Lincoln tup is not 
a high-priced one, and generally brings in a 14-lbs. fleece the 
first season and a 11-lbs. fleece the next. After their second 
clip they are always secure of a sale to the Derbyshire coal 
country, where quantity is more a consideration than quality 
•of mutton. The ewes are tupped on young seeds or on grass. 
They eat all that wants ploughing up for wheat, and are very 
