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Farm Reports. 
is manured in the autumn, and the guano is sown broadcast at 
the same time as on the ridged land. 
At Morton Grange the practice is somewhat different. The 
land is share-dragged and got as clean as possible in the autumn, 
and left for about a month ; after wheat sowing they half- 
plough (termed "baulking"), missing every other furrow, and 
throwing the furrow ploughed upon the one missed ; by the time 
the whole of the 160 or 170 acres are thus done, the first portion 
of it is ready for the succeeding operation (known as "double 
baulking "), which consists of turning it back again, and thus 
both sides of the ridges are exposed.* This practice is thought 
to keep the land more even than the cross-cutting, as there 
must be an inequality of tilth where the furrows cross. In 
the spring the land is dragged, harrowed, rolled, and thoroughly 
cleaned, being ridged up just before sowing, between May 
20th and July 10th. If the land has been manured for wheat, 
little or none is given for turnips, but an extra quantity of 
artificials is then used, namely, about 3 sacks of bones, and 
4 or 5 cwt. of rape-dust. When the land has not been manured 
for wheat, from 8 to 10 tons per acre are used for turnips, and 
a smaller quantity of rape-dust. 2J lbs. per acre of Skirving's 
swede are sown on ridges 26 inches apart, the plants being set 
out to 11 inches. 
Hoeing twice and singling are done at Ranby for 6s. per acre, 
a lad following the hoe to do the singling ; but at Morton 
Grange it is done by the day, at increased wages, as it is found 
to be more carefully done on this system, which is especially 
necessary, on account of the enormous quantity of grubs which 
infest the turnips there. 
Swedes are principally consumed on the land by sheep with 
cake ; but about one-fifth are drawn off for feeding beasts. 
The tillage for white turnips is the same as for swedes, 
except that rather less seed is used. The kinds most in vogue 
are the white globe, red and green round, and grey stone. 
For mangolds, which are grown at Morton Grange and 
Hodsock, the land is prepared in the same manner as for turnips, 
being done a little earlier, and given rather more manure. 
From 4 to 5 lbs. per acre of a variety of yellow globe mangold 
are sown near the middle of April, and the roots are ready to 
take up about the end of October or beginning of November. 
Mr. Hodgkinson prefers to draw only about one-half of his, 
the remainder being eaten off on the land by female sheep, 
as he finds this root injurious to rams and wethers, by causing 
renal disease, and finally death. Mr. Ashton, on the contrary. 
Mr. Ashtou also pursues this plan. 
