Forest Farming. 
459 
cake per day is allowed them with other fodder, and they are 
jsold, as they get fat, in the spring and early part of the summer. 
Pulping roots for cattle and chaff-cutting are done by horse- 
power. 
At Morton Grange a breeding herd of 20 cows is kept, many 
of them having a place in the Herd Book, In summer there will 
be from 50 to 60 head of cattle on the farm, and from 80 to 100 
in the winter, as the turnips and straw will keep considerably 
more stock in winter than the seeds and pasture will in summer ; 
thus arises the prevalent practice in the Forest to buy largely 
both cattle and sheep in the autumn and sell them in the spring ; 
•and it is generally preferred to buy rather good shorthorn heifers. 
The feeding beasts get cut straw, and sliced or pulped turnips 
{though Mr. Hodgkinson does not think pulping worth the 
trouble), with from 4 to 12 lbs. (according to circumstances) of 
iiiixed linseed, cotton, rape cake, and locust beans. 
Pigs. 
About 50 pigs of a small white breed are kept at Ranby, and 
from 80 to 120 at Morton Grange. The usual practice is to 
sell them off at one year old, weighing over 20 stone, and the 
sows after they have had one litter. The food in winter consists 
of rotten and small potatoes, supplemented in the summer by 
■cabbages and mangolds (at Morton Grange), especially if the 
potatoes run short, as well as by barley meal, rice meal, and 
Indian-corn meal, which are mixed with the steamed potatoes. 
Horses. 
The number of horses is not quite 3 per 100 acres ; they are 
kept all the year round in stables, standing in pairs, except 
when they are turned out into the foldyards at night. In winter 
they get chopped clover, hay, and straw, with about 1 peck of a 
•mixture of bean meal, oatmeal, and bran per diem. In the 
summer they are turned into the foldyards, and get tares as they 
are mown, with a little chopped straw, and a smaller quantity 
of corn. 
Labour. 
Parm labourers in the Forest get from IS*, to 15s. per week, and, 
as a rule, no privileges * ; the carpenter receives 3s. per diem, 
and the hedge cutters 2s. 9rf. The two cottages at Ranby are 
inhabited by the shepherd and foreman: the former gets 14s. 
per week, a cottage and garden rent free, and, as his garden 
* Mr. Hodgkinson allows each of his labourers 7 sacks of potatoes every 
autumn. 
