464 
Farm Reports. 
chalk near the village, and filling up the indentation between 
them. The physical result of this is, that the actual channel of 
the valley is thus turned, near its mouth, abruptly westward ; 
and therefore joins and meets the mouths of the two valleys on the 
opposite side of the river. Whether these gravels and sands were 
formed by river action or by glaciers (which still remains a moot 
question), one thing is certain, namely, that they were carried 
down these lateral valleys either by water or by ice, and have 
nothing to do with the Nar or its valley. This explanation 
renders the distribution of the gravels perfectly natural, and it 
also explains the existence of gravel hills at the valley mouths, 
for there would necessarily be a large accumulation of material 
where opposing currents met, whether of water or ice. The 
valley of the Nar seems to be of altogether later date ; and the 
blue clay, which is so characteristic of it, is necessarily still more 
recent. Where this last-mentioned subsoil exists, the fields bor- 
dering the rivers were, at least 60 years ago, for the most part 
converted into water-meadows. 
The climate of the whole county of Norfolk is usually very 
dry ; and it has been observed that if a north wind veers round 
by the east to the south or south-west, dry weather accompanies 
it even from the last-named quarter ; but if the north wind veers 
westioard to south-west, rain is sure to accompany that change. 
Dkainage. 
The water-meadows, which, as already stated, have a clayey 
subsoil, are the only fields which required draining. This was 
entirely done by the landlord, who found both pipes and labour, 
and charged the tenant 5 per cent, per annum on the out- 
lay. The chalk and gravel portions of the farm drain them- 
selves ; and even the clay on the hill-tops, though furnished with 
drain-pipes, never brings them into use, and seldom into play. 
Fences. 
The fences on this farm consist of quick -hedges, which 
are planted on banks composed of material obtained by dig- 
ging a ditch on its north side, which is frequently filled up 
again when the hedge is well grown. The mode of planting 
is as follows : — The first spit of earth having been taken out of 
the site for the ditch, it is put on the bankside upside down, and 
is generally about a foot in height on the ditch side, sloping 
down from the ditch to something less. On this foundation of 
the bank three-year-old quicksets are laid 6 inches apart to grow 
towards the ditch, and upon their roots are laid about 18 inches 
more earth. The ditches, therefore, usually attain a depth of 
from to 3 feet, and a width of 4 feet at the top, the whole 
