The Lodge Farm, Castle Acre, Norfolk. 
473 
Horses are occasionally bred to replace some of those that go 
off, but not otherwise ; and as a general rule they are bought as 
two-year-old colts, in preference to breeding, for home use. 
Hitherto the number of horses employed has not been reduced 
by steam cultivation. 
The delivery waggons are drawn by four horses in two pairs, 
and take 25 sacks of wheat or 30 of barley. With this exception 
all the yoking is in a line, the carts being three-horse tumbrils, 
and the harvest waggons drawn in thei same manner by three 
horses in a line. 
Labotjk. 
After the elaborate and, we may almost say, paternal methods 
pursued in the north, the Norfolk system of labour is not very 
attractive. There is no such thing as a yearly labourer, no 
boarding paid for by the farmer, and, in short, no connection 
between master and man except work on the one hand and 
payment on the other. The bailiff gets a guinea per week, the 
yardman 14s. 6</., the engine-driver Ss. per day, and the ordinary 
farm labourers from 10s. to 12s. per week. Lads are paid from 
8s. to 9s. per week, and boys from 4s. 6c?. to 5s., while women 
get from 10c?. to Is. per day. All the payments are made in 
money, there being no privileges in addition to the wages. 
Cottages, with gardens, are paid for by the men at the rate of 
from Is. 3<f. to Is. 6c?. per week ; they are tolerably good, and 
the labourers do not often take lodgers. 
A considerable amount of field work is paid for by the piece, 
as has already been described ; but much of it is done under a 
system of " gangs," one or more of which can usually be got at 
short notice. These gangs are composed either of men or 
women, according to the nature of the work. Women generally 
do the weeding and other light work. 
.A wheelwright, a carpenter, and a blacksmith, are kept on 
the farm, and all the carts and waggons, as well as the harrows, 
are home made. 
The labour account, including the wages of the bailiff, black- 
smith, carpenter, and wheelwright, amounted last year (1868) to 
nearly 2000/., or very nearly 21. per acre on 1000 acres of land, 
about '200 of which are in grass. 
Steam Cultivation. 
For the last three years Mr. Hudson has had steam culti- 
vating machinery on Fowler's single-engine direct anchor system ; 
the engine is a double cylinder of 10-horse power, and is also 
used for the threshing machine and other purposes. The chief 
benefit hitherto derived from steam cultivating is in the root 
2 I 2 
