480 
Farm Reports. 
3. After harvest the stubbles are steam-ploughed, or cultivated 
twice, and sown with wheat. Ploughing is preferred if the land 
is clean, as it is then left much firmer for wheat. 
4. Green Crops. — These consist of (a) mangolds, (b) vetches 
followed by rape, and (c) cabbages. 
(a.) Mangolds. — The wheat stubble is manured and prepared in 
the autumn in the same manner as for beans ; in the beginning 
of April it is run over with a two-horse skim,* the drill following 
with 4 cwt. per acre of Grifhn and Morris's patent mangold 
manure, consisting of patent dissolved bones, sulphate of potash, 
and sulphate of ammonia. Immediately afterwards yellow globe 
mangold. Bibs, per acre, is drilled on the flat, and as soon as the 
plants are visible they are hand-hoed once, and then horse-hoed, 
men to single the plants following the horse-hoe, after which 
they are horse-hoed two or three times, as may be required. 
Hoeing twice and singling mangolds and turnips are done by a 
gang of six Irishmen at 10s. per acre. The drills are 24 inches 
apart, and the plants are set out to from 16 to 18 inches. 
Mangolds are taken up in October, topped and tailed on the 
ground if possible, but otherwise as they go into the pits, which 
are made long and not very wide. The roots are covered with a 
little straw and with mould, vents being left open at intervals on 
the ridge, and never stopped. They are not used until the 
swedes are finished. Mangolds are got, topped, and tailed at 
about 12.9. per acre, 
{b.) Vetchesfolloioed by Rape or Mustard. — The wheat stubbles 
are cultivated or ploughed once, and drilled, commencing in Sep- 
tember, with 3 bushels of winter vetches per acre, a little arti- 
ficial manure being applied in the spring if necessary. They are 
eaten off during May on the land, which is then fallowed for 
barley or wheat, but the earliest of them are succeeded by rape, 
and the next lot by mustard. After one ploughing or cultivating, 
4 lbs. of seed and 3 cwt. of superphosphate are drilled per acre ; 
the crop is eaten off by sheep, and the land is immediately 
ploughed up for wheat. 
(c.) Cabbages. — About 20 one-horse cartloads of foldyard. 
manure per acre are put on the wheat stubble, and steam- 
ploughed in during the autumn. The plants are generally grown 
at home in seed-beds ; but they are put in at from 10c?. to Is. 
per thousand, the rows being 2 feet apart, and the plants 
15 inches. They are horse and hand hoed, and artificial manure 
is applied at the time of hoeing. They are eaten off by lambs 
in July and August. 
* Fowler's combined plough and subsoiler will in future be used for autumn 
cultivation for mangolds and cabbages, and his new steam harrow in the spring. 
