504 
Farm Reports. 
York seed is sown in seed-beds in July, and the plants are 
pricked out, partly in November and partly in February, the 
land having previously received the same treatment as for 
mangolds. The rows are 18 inches apart, and the plants the 
same distance from one another in the row. They are planted 
opposite one another to allow greater facilities for the two horse- 
hoeings which they always receive. Subsequently they are 
hand-hoed twice at a cost of 85. per acre, and the crop is disposed 
of by being fed off on the land. 
Other Green Crops. — Under this head we must mention (a.) 
vetches and winter oats (or beans), and (b.) rye and winter oats. 
The former description of crop is sown on a wheat-stubble in 
the five-field course, to be followed by rape and turnips instead 
of swedes, the first sowing being 2 bushels of vetches with 
^ bushel of winter oats, and the second the same quantity of 
vetches with ^ bushel of winter beans. Rye and winter oats 
are grown merely as a makeshift in the event of rye-grass 
turning out a failure when sown in its usual place in the four- 
course shifts. The land is in that case ploughed once, and 
3 bushels each of rye and winter oats are sown per acre. 
Cattle. 
Under this head we have to describe only the management of 
the dairy stock, which are cross-bred, shorthorn and Alderney, 
or shorthorn and Devon. There are 35 dairy cows, and 
generally about a dozen each of 2-year-old heifers, yearlings, 
and calves. After calving, the cows are fed entirely on cut 
hay for about six weeks, when they get in addition a daily allow- 
ance of 3 lbs. of cotton and rape cake until about the 20th of 
March ; they then go into the water-meadows during the day, 
being brought up at night and given hay and straw, without 
artificial food, in the sheds. From April 20th until the end of 
November they are kept entirely in the water-meadows and 
pastures. They get the run of 40 acres of spring feed up to 
haymaking time, after which the whole of the grass-land is 
stocked by them. 
Ten 2 -year-old heifers are sent to Longleat Park after bulling, 
generally remaining there from May 20th to October 20th, at a 
cost of 2s. 6d. each per week. The yearlings and calves are kept 
on the home grass-land during the summer. 
In the winter the in-calf heifers, as well as the 2-year-olds and 
yearlings, get 3 lbs. of cotton and rape cake with cut straw ; but 
the calves are fed on linseed cake, getting a daily allowance of 
2 lbs. with a mixture of cut hay and straw. About twelve calves 
are weaned every year, the remainder being sold as soon as 
possible. 
