564 Implement Shotv at Manchester. 
siderably less draught than others tested; as the workmanship was inferior to 
the rest, we could not give it a prize, nor yet a commendation, though, doubtless, 
the i^rinciple of construction was very good; besides; which, we considered it 
of too light a structure for general farm uses, hence, probably, one cause of 
its lightness of draught. 
The schedule annexed, containing all the dynamometrical trials and other 
useful details, was compiled under the superintendence of Mr. James Amos ; 
and for the accuracy with which they were recorded, we beg to tender him 
our best thanks. 
John Wh'EATLET. 
John Gtibson. 
Heney Cantrell. 
6, Report of the Judges on Plans and Models* 
Though the exhibitors in this class wei'c few, and the competition therefore 
small, the difficulties in awarding the prizes were considerable, arising from 
circumstances which it may be useful to exi^lain. 
Labourers' Cottages. — The conditions imposed were, that the cottages should 
be built in pairs, with not less than three sleeping-rooms each, and that in 
addition to " cheapness, arrangement, and convenience," it was declared that 
space, economy, and durabihty would be specially considered." 
The exhibitors whoso plans and models arrived in time for competition were 
only six in number ; and although seven designs were presented by one exhi- 
bitor, there were only fourteen exhibits in all. There was evidence of much 
skill in arrangement, and of efforts to reduce cost in several of these designs, 
but there was not one which presented any new feature. With so little scope, 
however, for variation as is afforded in labourers' cottages of the character speci- 
fied in the conditions, this was not to be expected, inasmuch as the minimum 
accommodation must necessarily be much the same in all designs. As evidence 
of the difiSculty of originating any new feature, it may be stated that several 
of the plans exhibited were based on that of Messrs. Hoss and Richardson, who 
gained the prize given by the Yorkshire Agricultural Society, at Leeds, in 1861, 
a plan which has been adopted as the pattern of a large j)roportion of the cot- 
tages now being built in various parts of the country. 
The Judges, on entering upon their duties, detei-mined that no design 
afforded sufBcient space unless the floor of the living-room contained an area of 
150 square feet — that of the parents' bedroom 100 feet, and those of the 
children's rooms 70 feet each ; while the height between the floor and the 
ceiling of the ground floor should not be less than 8 feet, and that of tlie bed- 
rooms 7 feet 6 inches, thus affording a minimum breathing space in the living- 
room of 1200 cubic feet — in the parents' bedroom of 750 feet, and in the 
children's bedrooms 500 feet each. They considered that the " arrangement 
and convenience " essential for the comfort of a labourer's family should include 
a scullery containing at least 550 cubic feet, a pantry with shelves having a 
cubical area of at least 250 feet, and a cupboard for fuel within the dwelling, 
as well as a copper or galvanized iron boiler, either in the dwelling or in an 
adjoining out-building, together witli jjropcr privy or earth-closet, water supply 
including pump, and a perfect drainage of the whole premises. 
Durability being an essential condition in all cottage building, and there 
being no true economy or satisfactory " cheapness " without it, the skill of the 
designer of labourers' cottages is best shown by so arranging the space and 
accommodation required, that the aggregate cubical area of the cottage shall be 
* Special Prizes ofTered by the Manchester' Local Committee. 
