and Machinery at Bristol. 
155 
Class XIII.— Method of Keeping a large Quantity of 
Milk at a Temperature of under 40^ Fahrenheit, for 
A PERIOD OF not LESS THAN 12 HOUES, SUFFICIENTLY 
ECONOMICAL FOR PRACTICAL PURPOSES. 
A prize of 20/. was offered in this class, and there were 
3 entries, but none of the exhibitors succeeded in complying 
with the conditions. 
That known as the Swartz system consists of deep-setting cans, 
2 feet long, 20 inches deep, and 6 inches wide, are filled with 
new milk, and placed side by side in a vat, or cistern, filled with 
cold water. If the temperature of the water can be still further 
reduced by the use of ice, so much the better. A wooden vat 
may be used ; a slate or brick-and-cement cistern would answer 
Fig. 5. — Trough with deep Cans for Setting Milk on the Swartz System. 
the purpose better, particularly where water is plentiful, and 
capable of being so contrived that a constant circulation could 
be kept up by gravitation. Milk at a low temperature will keep 
sweet for a long period, and the cream rises very rapidly and in 
large quantity. Deep setting, however, is opposed to English 
ideas. The trial commenced by setting the milk at 11-45 on the 
night of the 8th July, the temperature then being 66° Fahrenheit ; 
at seven o'clock on the morning of the 9th the temperature 
had risen to 77J°. Ice was then used, and by 10 o'clock the 
temperature had fallen to 48^ ; at 10 A.M. of the 10th the tem- 
perature was 43^. The milk was skimmed on the 11th at 12-30. 
The cream was perfectly sweet and in full quantity, and the 
butter made from it was of excellent quality. On the recom- 
mendation of the Judges, the Council awarded a special prize of 
10/. to Mr. E. Ahlborn. Since the Bristol Meeting I have tested 
the Swartz system,* and am fully convinced of the superior 
quality of the butter produced by that method. 
* Of late, an American of ttie name of Cooley has announced the discovery of 
this property and the perception of its practical bearing ou Dairy-husbandry 
as his own (ace ' Farmer,' December 30, 1878). — Ed. 
