The Agriaihural Features of the Paris Kzhibition. 
267 
Co>, Leeds ; Messrs. Bansnme, Sims and Head, Ipswich : 
Messrs. Bartord and Perkins, Peterborough : Messrs. Coleman and 
Morton, Chelmsford ; Messrs. W. Ball and Son, Rothwell ; Mr. 
J. P. Fison, Cambridge ; Mr. Denton, Wolverhampton ; Messrs. 
Homsbj and Sons, Grantham ; and ^lessrs. Rainiorth and Sons, 
Lincoln. The collection of the Messrs. Howard included steam 
agines adapted to the combined purposes of ploughing, thresh- 
le, grinding, haoling-, and other farm work; steam ploughs, 
-:eam cultivators, steam harrows, steam scarifiers, single and 
-oable horse ploughs, potato-ploughs, vine-ploughs, &c. The 
arrangement of their steam plough and snbsoiler has been so 
improved that the wheels alwavs run on the unploughed land, 
which both reduces the draught and leaves the ploughed land 
unpoached ; while their twin steam cultivator can now be folded 
up to pass through 9-feet gates and to travel on roads. On both 
twin and single cultivators a simple but effective automatic 
appliance has been introduced for lilting the teeth out of the 
groimd at the turnings, which renders it unnecessary for the 
driver to leave his seat. The smaller ploughs, for which the 
firm have long been justly celebrated, have also been further 
improved by the incorporation of an appliance for raising the 
implement out of the ground at the turning. A plough, which 
may be used either as a double or single fiirrow plough, was 
exhibited by this firm for the first time at the Smithfield Show 
last year, and was on their stand at Paris. It is a simple, sub- 
stantial, and very useful implement, and may in a few minutes 
be converted irom a double to a single-furrow plough with or 
without wheels, and trice versa. It will plough fi-om 7 to 14: 
inches deep, and the depth can be altered without stopping the 
horses. Several small but useful improvements have been made 
in their harrows. 
Messrs. Fowler and Co. exhibited in the agricultural section 
two ol their celebrated traction steam-ploughing engines : one 
16-horse-power representing the large, and the other 6-horse- 
power, representing the smallest tvpe of this class of machinerv 
made by them. The former showed some novelties of construc- 
tion. The boiler is made of steel, and the boiler barrel — a fine 
piece of workmanship — of a single steel plate. The valve 
(Church s Patent ) is circular in shape, and rums freelv within a 
circular ring moved by the valve-spindle, the steam-ports being 
of a corresponding circular form. This allows the valve to turn 
freely round itself whilst moving backward and forward in the 
nsual manner, keeping thereby the valve-seat and its own sur- 
face straight and smooth. Besides, it is partially relieved by 
a disc-plate bolted to the valve-seat, and touching the upper 
part of the inside of the valve. A saving not onlv in wear and 
