Rqyort on the Dairy-Farming of the North-west of France. 293 
4 months old, and about 200 fatting sheep bought and sold 
annually. In the summer the cattle are tethered on grass or 
lucerne, and in the winter they get carrots and beetroot, pulped 
and mixed with cut straw and lucerne-hay to ferment, as well as 
bran or about 2 lbs. of linseed cake each per day. This some- 
what extravagant feeding, for a French farm, is divided into 
five meals, and it is stated that the cows give an average of more 
than two gallons of milk per head per diem, which would make 
a total of at least 600 gallons per head per annum, supposing 
them to be in milk ten months in the year. The cows are of 
the ordinary Norman breed, but they seemed to me to have more 
hair and a more robust appearance than other herds I had seen. 
M. Ancelin buys between 40 and 50 tons of bran every year, 
using it for the cows in winter, for rearing calves, and for his 
horses. The cows are tethered night and day in the summer, 
and the herdsman sleeps in a small hut on wheels close to the 
line of cows. Considering the quality of his land, which is 
indicated by its rent, I have no doubt that M. Ancelin finds his 
expenditure on artificial food a profitable investment, as may be 
inferred by the yield of milk just stated. I should add that the 
National Jury awarded a large gold medal to M. Ancelin at the 
Prize Farm competition in his Department in 1<S69. 
Sale of Milk to Paris. 
At first sight it would appear that the supply of milk to 
Paris, estimated at about 70,000 gallons per day, or con- 
siderably more than one-half that of London, must necessarily 
be conducted on principles similar to those which govern the 
milk-trade of our own metropolis ; but in point of fact there 
are, so far as I know, very few examples in England of such 
establishments as are the rule in and around Paris. 
Two systems are in vogue in Paris, namely, the sale of milk 
by large dairy-farmers direct to the rich consumer ; and the 
ordinary wholesale milk-trade, which involves collection and 
preparation by the merchant, sale to dealers, and distribution by 
them to the ordinary consumer. 
As an example of the former system I may quote the farm of 
Mons. Emile Tetard, at Gonesse, a few miles Irom Paris. His 
brother, who is a farmer and a sugar-maker, also lives in that 
commune, and the two are partners in a double set of steam- 
ploughing tackle. The dairy-farmer occupies 750 acres of 
arable land, which he cultivates on the usual French three- 
course shift, namely (1) winter corn, (2) spring corn, (3) arti- 
ficial grasses and beetroots, with a separate portion of the land 
in lucerne, which remains a number of years, and, as usual in the 
