550 
Notes on Victor Drummond! s Report on the 
winter, 1 dol. 18 cents ; from Baltimore, ditto, 1 dol. 27 cents ; from Boston, 
ditto, 1 do). 21 cents. 
" Average freight per bushel : From New York, 6fZ, ; from Philadelphia, 
oid. or 7i cents; from Baltimore, Q%d. to ld.\ from Boston, l^d. 
" The average price of red winter wheat per quarter landed at Liverpool is 
then as follows : — Landed at New York, 41s. 4c?. ; landed from Philadelphia, 
39s. 8cZ. ; landed from Baltimore, 42s. ; landed from Boston, 40s. Ad. We 
here observe that wheat from Philadelphia is landed in England at a cheaper 
rate than from the other ports. The low freight from Philadelphia is the 
principal cause, and this arises from that progressive city reaping a large share 
of the trade to Europe. From the 29th of July to the 4th of August over 
Ij million bushels, or more than four times as mtich as during the same 
period last year, has been shipped. This steady increase in tlie grain trade 
requires a large fleet of ships, chiefly British, which are now flocking to the 
port of Philadelphia. From information which has reached me, I am led to 
believe that under certain conditions wheat can be delivered at Liverpool from 
Philadelphia, with a margin for profit, for 35s. a quarter. It is not probable 
that this will happen, but I mention it as a remote possibility, although it 
would not be a lasting one. 
" The total spring wheat acreage sown this year in the L'nitcd States was 
four per cent, greater than last year, and the increase will no doubt be as 
great each successive year until there are symptoms of no profit in this direc- 
tion. The yield in the one great wheat State of Minnesota for this year is 
calculated at 40,000,000 bushels; this is calculating that in two-thirds of its 
wheat area, 1,900,000 acres, there will be an average yield of 13 bushels per 
acre ; and in the rest of the area, 000,000 acres, the yield will be 17 bushels 
l»r acre. The cost of wheat per acre in the great wheat-growing States 
averages 20s. per quarter. 
" It is a very diflerent thing in the North-Eastern States, where the farmers 
are handicapped as ours are by the extraordinary low freight charges i'rom the 
Western States. Again, their i'arming is carried on jDartially tmder the same 
conditions as our own ; they have the advantage, however, over ours by 
generally having good-sized orchards, which in a good year bring them in a 
fair revenue. 
" THE CATTLE TBADE. 
" Now, with reference to the cattle trade between England and the United 
States, I am enabled to supply some very important information kindly fur- 
nished me by those who are an unbiassed and reliable authority. 
" New York. — The ' prime ' beef, wholesale price, has ranged between 
9 and 10 cents {A\d. to od) per lb. For the common quality the price has 
varied between 7 and 9 cents {Hd. to 4ic?.) per lb. since the 1st of Januarj^ 
last. Beeves shipped 'alive' to Great Britain will average to cost about 
5 dols. 70 cents per 100 lb. gross weight. The best grades cost more than 
this, and the fair grades less. The dressed beef, ' shipped in quarters,' gosts 
from 8 to 9 cents {Ad. to Ahd.) per lb. on board in New York ; but prime live 
cattle, ftir whicli quotations are made, command, on slaughtering, a better 
price than ordinary refrigerated meat. The average weight at New York of a 
' prime bullock ' is 1400 lbs., and that of a ' common bullock,' is 1100 lbs. 
Average freights per head, '61. 10s. They Lave been as low as 2/. 10s. and as 
high as Al. 15s. 
" Philadelphia. — Prime shipping are held at 5 J cents (3N.) per lb. 
They weigh from 1250 to 1500 lbs. A beast of 1500 lbs. is landed at Liverpool 
for 2AI. 10s. Average freight is the same as New York, Zl. 10s. 
" Baltimore. — Freight per head to England averages the same as New York 
