32 
Pure and Mixed Linseed- Cukes. 
it, but to mix it with peas or bean - meal, or decorticated 
cotton-cake, or similar feeding materials rich in nitrogenous 
compounds. 
Locust-beans are cheap at the price at which they can usually 
be bought in the market, and this is anotlier reason why thej are 
largely employed by makers of cattle foods. 
There is, however, a drawback to the use of locust-beans in the 
manufacture of compound cakes. Locust-meal, it appears from 
the preceding analyses, contains in round numbers from 50 to 
54 per cent, of fruit and crystallizable sugar. In consequence of 
this large proportion of sugary constituents the meal is very 
hygroscopic ; and cakes into the composition of which locust- 
meal largely enters are very liable to attract moisture, to become 
soft, and subsequently to turn mouldy. In a mouldy condition 
feeding-cakes, it is to be feared, often do more injurv than most 
people are aware of. 
Locust-meal, on account of its sweet taste, is frequently em- 
ployed by cake-mixers to conceal the presence of bitter or 
unpalatable cheap materials in so-called linseed-cake. 
its presence in adulterated oilcakes may be recognized by 
the butyric-acid smell which such 
Y\g. Cuticle of Caroh-hean. cakes emit; by determining the 
amount of sugar, which is abnor- 
mally large in oilcakes adulterated 
with carob-beans; and lastly by the 
shiny appearance and structure of 
the cuticle of carob-beans under the 
microscope, as will be seen by the 
appended microscopic representa- 
tion of a fragment of the locust 
bean-pod. 
22. Acorns. — In seasons of plenty, 
dried and ground acorns are much 
more profitably sold as linseed-cake 
than under their legitimate name. I have in my collection a 
cake branded " Pure," which was sold as linseed-cake, and in 
which I found considerable quantities of ground acorns. 
In a fine specimen of acorns I found the proportion of husks 
and decorticated nuts as follows: — 
Husks 
Dccorticatud acoiiia 
139-05 
860-95 
1000-00 
The decorticated acorns had the following composition ; — 
