Report of Judget on Portable Steam-Engincs at Cardiff. 51 
There is one species of cake which is rarely seen by fanners, for 
it is seldom offered for sale in the open market ; nevertheless it is 
consumed in large quantities in the shape of linseed-cake. I 
allude to earth-nut-cake. Frequently earth-nut-cake is so rancid, 
stale, or mouldy, that it is only fit for manuring purposes ; and yet 
we never hear of earth-nut-cake having been offered for sale as a 
manuring cake. But its frequent occurrence in linseed-cake, 
reported to have done mischief to stock, renders it more than 
probable that at any rate the bulk of the damaged earth-nut-cake 
finds its way into the mills of oilcake crushers who sell mixed 
or adulterated linseed-cakes. 
Dozens of oilcakes have been sent to me for examination, on 
account of the prejudicial effects which they were alleged to 
have produced on sheep and cattle fed upon them, and in no 
instance have I been able to detect any positively poisonous 
substance in them, though I have often found earth-nut-cake. 
Although I am not prepared to say positively that these adulterated 
oil-cakes were unfit for feeding purposes, the frequency of the 
occurrence of earth-nut-cake in suspected oilcakes, coupled with 
the well-authenticated fact that rancid or damaged earth-nut-cake 
is largely used for adulterating linseed-cakes, and is prejudicial 
to stock, inclines me to believe that the cause of the injurious 
properties of adulterated linseed-eakes is referable in many 
instances to the rancid and bad condition of the earth-nut-cake 
used in their manufacture. 
In conclusion, I hope that all sections of the agricultural 
community will resist, by all means, in their power, the use of 
a trade-custom which regards the designation "linseed-cake" as 
a generic term to be applied to all manner of feeding cakes, pro- 
vided they contain some linseed, no matter however little it may 
be, and which indicates the distinction between the different 
qualities by the graduated trade-marks of various makers. 
Laboratory, 11, Salisbury Square, Fleet Street, E.G., 
August, 1872. 
II. — Rei)ort of the Judges on the Trials of Portable Steam- Engines 
at Cardiff. By F. J. Bramwell, C.E., and W. Menelaus, 
C.E. With an Appendix on the Composition and Calorific- 
Power of LlangennecJt Coal. 
The Judges, in their Report on this class of engines, and 
on the fixed engines, tried at the Bury Show in 1867 ; in their 
Report on the semi-portable, and on the fixed engines tried at 
E 2 
