Trials of Portable Steam-Engines at Cardiff. 61 
The fced-])nnii) is immt-diatcly below the ciank-sliaft, from which, as 
already stated, it is worked by its own eccentric. The pump is always draw- 
ing; water, and tlie surplus is returned into the feed-tub by means of an 
oseajic cock. 'J'hat which is not returned goes through a Ij-inch copper pipe, 
which passes four times along a lieater, formed by the exhaust-steam pipe. 
This pipe is flat in section, so as to lie on the upper surface of the boiler, and 
in the thickness of the cleading. There are 8 feet of heating surface in this 
l;!-in. i)ipe. The water, on leaving the heater, passes through a check-valve 
box iuto the boiler, near the smoke-box end. There is a three-way cock pro- 
vided, by which the feed-water may be turned direct into the boiler, without 
passing through the heater. The waste-steam pipe is fitted with a cone 
and an adjusting handle, so as to regulate the blast orifice. 
The bearing-wheels have wrought-iron spokes and rims, and wrought-iron 
tyres, shrunk outside all. The spokes are cast into the bosses, which are cast 
on chill pins. The hind axle, which is secured to wrought brackets, imme- 
diately in front of the fire box, is of solid wrought iron. The fore axle is also 
of .solid wrought iron, but passes through a hollow wrought-iron bed, provided 
with a wrought-iron wheel-plate, having stops on which bears a wrought- 
iron piece riveted to the bottom of the smoke-box. The arrangement is 
suflicieutl}^ substantial not to require a bottom stay to the perch pin, nor 
locking-chains to regulate the amount of motion. 
The boiler and fire-box are cleaded all over, and the ash-pan is closed, 
and provided with a damper in the usual manner. 
This engine did its work on the brake extremely well. It ran for 4h, 9m. 
real time, and for 4h. 14m. 48s. mechanical time, representing a consumption 
of 3'3 lbs. of coal per brake horse-power per hour. The gross indicated horse- 
power was 17'56, giving a consumption of only 2'62 lbs. of coal for each such 
liorse-power. 
The engine was driven with great regularity. The heat of the feed-water 
was from 205° to 210°. The quantity of water evaporated, was '1930 lbs., 
representing 2005 lbs. from 212° = 10'23 lbs. of water per lb. of coal, or (to 
render the comparison with last year's results easy) 1736 lbs. of water from 
G2°, equal to 8'86 lbs. of cold water per pound of coal. 
The amount of oil and tallow used was noted, but as, unhappily, it is quite 
certain that in some cases errors were made by those to whom this duty was 
intrusted, it becomes necessary to omit all record of the consumption of these 
stores. 
On the trial for governing it was found that, even with all the load off, and 
the steam-regvdator wide open, the governor had the engine under complete 
control, but that it allowed the .engine to run some revolutions faster than 
when doing work. 
This engine is an extremely substantial and well-made piece of work ; strong 
in all its parts ; and was " Highly Commended" by the Judges. 
The next engine tried was No. 4942, that of Messrs. Clayton 
and Shuttleworth. Price 240/. 
This engine has a cylinder ot 9 inch diameter, I'D" length of stroke, a total 
heating surface of 220 square feet ; total grate surface of 5"3 square feet, 
reduced, by bricks, on the occasion of the trial to an area of 3'2 square feet. 
The exhibitors elected to run at the full pressure of 80 lbs., at 14 horse- 
power, and at only 110 revolutions a minute. 
The cylinder is placed in an upward prolongation of the smoke-box, in the 
same manner as was pursued by this firm on the occasion of their trial at the 
Bury Show, with the exception that then the covers of the cylinder were to be 
seen outside the smoke-box, whereas now the smoke-box is made so much 
