232 
Report on the Trade in Animals. 
that the deteiTent influence of an energetic officer of the Royal 
Society for the Prevention of Cruehy to Animals is very great, 
provided that the police authorities understand that his activity 
does not relieve them from responsibility. 
The practice of slinging is not now resorted to except in cases 
of necessity. The usual plan is to drive the beasts to the gangway- 
plank, and so to arrange their subsequent route that they have no 
choice but to reach their proper destination. This they do, 
generally half blinded with pain and deafened with noise, and 
are then secured by a head-rope in the position which they have 
to occupy throughout the passage. 
Why the head-rope should not be put on in the receiving-yard 
of the forwarding company, and the animal led on board, as in 
Holland, I cannot understand. It would, in my opinion, take 
no more men and would occupy less time than the present 
system. 
. The following section of a cattle steamboat will illustrate the 
manner in which cattle are stowed. The number of holds, the 
number of rows of pens (both of which are reduced to a mini- 
mum in the sketch, for the sake of simplicity), and other matters 
of detail, will, of course, vary with the nature of the traffic and 
the size of the steamboat. Some have as few holds as those 
shown in the figure, while others have as many as three cattle- 
holds, and carry animals on the poop or bridge as well as on 
the main deck. 
Fig. 2. — Transverse Section, illustrating the Ventilation and Stowage of 
the Cattle-hold of a Steamboat. 
