as a Food for Pigs. 429 
The analysis of this essence of mutton for human food yielded 
the following results : — 
Composition of Essence of Mutton or Concentrated Mutton-soup for 
Human Food. 
Water 29-20 
* Organic matter 60 "48 
Mineral saline constituents 10 • 32 
100-00 
* Containing nitrogen '[ •• 8-68 
The extract of mutton differs in character from Liebig's Ex- 
tract of Meat, which is prepared by expressing the meat-juice 
with the addition of a little cold water, and concentrating the 
juice thus obtained by evaporation in steam-jacketed vessels. 
Liebig's Extract of Meat being obtained by cold pressure, con- 
tains no appreciable quantity of gelatine, but it is richer in true 
meat-juice and extractive matters, soluble in alcohol, and con- 
tains less water than the Australian Essence of Mutton, which is 
prepared by boiling out the meat and bones of sheep with water,^ 
and evaporating the strained, clear liquid to the consistency of a 
thick extract ; it contains a considerable quantity of gelatine, 
which renders the extract firmer than Liebig's Meat Extract. 
Notwithstanding the firmer condition, the Australian Essence of 
Mutton contains about 10 to 11 per cent, more water than 
Liebig's Extract of Meat. 
The physiological effects and the commercial value of extract 
of meat depend principally upon the percentage of extractive 
matters, soluble in alcohol, which different samples contain. In 
examining meat extract, the amount of the constituents soluble 
in alcohol should always be determined, if it is desired to 
obtain a true insight into its quality. The Australian Essence 
of Mutton I found contained 33-51 per cent, of extractive 
matters soluble in alcohol, containing 80 per cent, of absolute 
alcohol. Liebig's Extract of Meat yields on an average about 
60 per cent, of constituents soluble in alcohol, of 80 per cent, 
strength, and contains nearly twice as much saline matters as 
the sample of Australian Concentrated Mutton-soup, the analysis 
of which is given above. Although the latter is thus inferior to 
Liebig's Extract of Meat, it is-cheaper, and contains a large 
amount of extractive matter, and with the addition of proper 
seasoning makes very good mutton-broth. 
Concentrated Mutton-soup as a food for pigs and dogs : — The 
extract prepared for the use of pigs and dogs was sent from 
Australia in wooden kegs containing about 32 lbs. each. It 
possessed somewhat more consistency than the first quality for 
