462 
Foot-and-Mouth Disease. 
febrile action in the system. The animal's appetite may not be 
much affected, nor is it necessary that the demeanour should 
be suggestive of much suffering, but the application of the 
thermometer will show a rise of internal temperature when 
the animal is suffering from the aphthous affection. Making 
allowances for the variation of the temperature in sheep, which 
in health will range from 101° to 104*^, the increase is quite 
marked, as the temperature in tlie diseased sheep will range 
from 104° to 107°. It will not, however, in the majority of 
cases, be necessary to use the thermometer to decide the question 
of the nature of the disease, as the local evidence will be 
sufficient. 
Vesicles in the mouth of the sheep, although not so generally 
present as in cattle, are very commonly found when they are 
looked for, but as the idea has long been prevalent that sheep 
are not affected in the mouth, it naturally has happened that the 
part has escaped notice, and besides, the lesion is not so pro- 
minent as in the mouths of cattle, and, therefore, not so readily 
recognised by the unpractised eye. In lambs of a few weeks 
old vesicles not larger than a hemp seed have been detected on 
the tongue. Abrasions on the lips and palate are frequently 
seen in sheep identical in cliaracter with those which are 
observed in cattle ; and altogether the evidence of the identity 
of the disease in cattle and sheep is perfectly conclusive, even 
irrespective of the admitted fact that the affection is inter- 
communicable in the two classes of animals. 
Goats and deer are liable to foot-and-mouth complaint, but in 
reference to these animals the circumstances are such as render 
any minute observation very difficult. Goats are very little used 
in this country, and deer running wild cannot be critically exa- 
mined ; hence no specialities have been recorded in respect of 
the disease in them. 
Pigs undoubtedly suffer extremely from aphthous disease, and 
in many localities it assumes among them a decidedly malignant 
form. Vesicles appear on the outside of the snout and along the 
edge of the upper lip ; on the udder in sows, and almost invariably 
on the feet ; the hoofs are constantly separated from the internal 
foot and fall off. The sufferings caused by the disease and its 
result often produce fatal prostration ; so often, indeed, that the 
statement respecting foot-and-mouth disease being a benign 
affection does not apply to its existence among pigs. 
Other animals than those mentioned as being subject to the 
affection in this country, are included by continental veterinary 
surgeons among susceptible subjects. Horses, dogs, hares, 
rabbits, and birds, are said to be attacked frequently, and to be 
capable of conveying the disease to farm stock. We have no 
